Doctoral Dissertation Research: From Fair Employment to Equal Opportunity and Beyond: Race, Liberalism, and the Politics of the New Deal Order, 1941-1971

摘要本文追溯了1941- 1971年间美国国家和民族就业非歧视政策的产生和发展过程。该项目使用历史记录，并以政治社会学的现有理论为基础，特别是通过制度追踪社会变革的传统。研究计划的第一部分是将1945年至1964年间通过非歧视法律的29个州的制度和法律安排联系起来。几个与冲突利益集团（民权协会，工会，宗教和民族组织）相关的假设将使用事件历史分析进行测试。第二部分是对三个大州（加利福尼亚州，伊利诺伊州和纽约州）的详细历史研究，重点是解释非歧视政策通过的时间。研究的第三部分考虑了在1964年民权法案和1965年投票权法案通过后的几年里，非歧视是如何转变为平权行动的。这里的重点主要是民权组织的影响，以及他们不同的立法、司法和行政议程。该研究通过允许评估关于重大影响的各种假设，增加了对政治变革和社会结构的理解。由于要研究的许多变量在各州之间存在自然变化，因此可以比较提出的变化机制。

AbstractSES 0000244PI: Jerome Karabel, Anthony S Chen This dissertation research traces the initiation and growth of state and national policies of non-discrimination in employment in the period 1941-71. The project uses historical records, and builds on existing theory in political sociology, especially the tradition that traces social change through institutions. The first part of the research plan is to relate institutional and legal arrangements in 29 states that passed non-discrimination laws between 1945 and 1964. Several hypotheses related to conflicting interest groups (civil rights associations, trade unions, religious and ethnic organizations) will be tested using event history analysis. The second part is a detailed historical study of three large states (California, Illinois, and New York), with an emphasis on explaining the timing of passage of non-discrimination policies. The third part of the study considers how non-discrimination transformed to affirmative action in the years after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights and the 1965 Voting Rights Acts. Here the focus is primarily on influences of civil rights groups, and their differing legislative, judicial, and administrative agendas. The research adds to understanding of political change and social structure by permitting assessment of a variety of hypotheses regarding significant influences. Because of the natural variation across states in many of the variables to be studied, it will be possible to compare alternative proposed mechanisms of the changes.