DOCTORAL DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Language Ideologies, Youth Culture and Socialization in a Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Village

土著语言正在以越来越快的速度消失。阿拉斯加州西南部一个爱斯基摩Yup'ik爱斯基摩村庄的活动人士和教育工作者强调，将阿拉斯加中部Yup'ik作为丰富文化遗产的一部分加以保护的重要性，以此来激励语言复兴的努力。然而，由此产生的语言纯粹主义的意识形态观念使当前的青年语言实践蒙上了污名，在对语言的未来至关重要的使用者中造成了语言不安全感。这篇论文通过确定青少年如何在日常语言实践中感知、制定和/或重新配置语言意识形态，以及它们如何通过社会化网络影响幼儿的语言使用，来关注这种矛盾的影响。民族志和社会语言学方法将1)检查关于双语和语言振兴的假设，这些假设是教育和法律政策的基础；2)展示这些政策如何限制当地对语言能力和学习能力的定义；3)记录来自四个核心家庭的12名双语青年（7-20岁）在家庭和同龄人群体中一年多的语言实践。研究结果详细描述了青年文化如何影响双语社区的语言规范和意识形态制定，有助于语言意识形态研究。语言规划者会发现，语言意识形态如何被语言复兴所依赖的年轻人解释和运用的案例研究是有用的。

Indigenous languages now disappear at an increasing rate. Activists and educators in a Yup'ik Eskimo village in southwestern Alaska motivate language revitalization efforts by emphasizing the importance of preserving Central Alaskan Yup'ik as part of a rich cultural heritage. Yet resulting ideological notions of linguistic purism stigmatize current youth language practices, creating linguistic insecurity in speakers crucial to the language's future. This dissertation focuses on effects of this contradiction by identifying how youth perceive, enact and/or reconfigure language ideologies in daily language practices, and how they influence younger children's language use through socialization networks. Ethnographic and sociolinguistic methods will 1) examine assumptions about bilingualism and language revitalization underlying educational and legal policies; 2) demonstrate how these policies constrain definitions of language ability and learn-ability locally and 3) document linguistic practices of 12 bilingual youth (ages 7-20) from four nuclear families as they interact in family and peer clusters over a year. Findings contribute to language ideology research by describing in detail how youth culture affects linguistic norms and ideology's enactment in bilingual communities. Language planners will find useful this case study of how language ideologies are interpreted and deployed by the young people on whom language revitalization efforts depend.