Dissertation Research: Causes and Consequences of Hybridization in California and Gambel's Quail (Callipepla californica and C. Gambelii)

0073271格兰特吉这项研究将调查杂交的原因和后果，不同物种的杂交，在甘贝尔和加州鹌鹑（加州州鸟）。杂交的结果包括从一个杂交物种的灭绝，当一个物种在遗传上取代了另一个物种时，到一个全新物种的形成。杂交的结果取决于两个因素，1）个体间杂交的频率，2）杂交后代的存活和成功繁殖。因此，本研究将探讨是什么条件导致甘贝尔鹌鹑和加州鹌鹑之间的杂交。此外，这项研究还将比较杂交鹌鹑与同种鹌鹑所生后代的数量，并比较杂交后代和纯种后代的存活率。目前的图片杂交生存将配对的鹌鹑类型之间的基因交换的历史模式的调查，这将是通过检查DNA样本广泛通过每个鹌鹑range.Although杂交率低在自然界中普遍存在，其发病率可能会增加，由于人类的土地利用模式。这种人类引起的杂交增加可能导致物种灭绝，使进一步研究杂交变得越来越重要。这项研究将加强我们对个体间杂交、物种间基因流动以及最终通过杂交形成物种和灭绝的因素的理解。

0073271Grant & GeeThis study will investigate the causes and consequences of hybridization, the interbreeding of different species, in Gambel's and California Quail (the California State Bird). The consequences of hybridization range from extinction of one hybridizing species, when one species genetically swmps out the other, to the formation of an entirely new species. The outcome of hybridization depends on two factors, 1) the frequency of interbreeding between individuals, and 2) the survival and successful reproduction of hybrid offspring. This study will therefore explore what conditions lead to interbreeding between Gambel's and California Quail. Further, this study will compare the number of young born to interbreeding quail versus the number born to same-species pairs, and it will compare the survival of those hybrid and pure-species offspring. This current picture of hybrid survival will be paired with an investigation of the historical pattern of gene exchange between quail types, which will be accomplished by examining DNA sampled extensively through each quail range.Although low rates of hybridization are widespread in nature, its incidence may be increasing due to human landuse patterns. This human-caused increase in hybridization may be contributing to species extinction, making further research of hybridization increasingly important. This study will strengthen our understanding of the factors responsible for interbreeding between individuals, gene flow between species, and ultimately, speciation and extinction through hybridization.