Research Equipment Proposal: Acquisition of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer with a Microscope Attachment.

摘要：0079677A。CouzisCUNY@City Collees这是一份购买Nicolet Nexus-670傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的工程设备建议书。该仪器是一种先进的FTIR设备，具有允许在红外和红外源的近、中、远区域运行的功能，以及红外显微镜(Nicolet Continum红外显微镜)，将允许进行最低x-y分辨率低于.1微米的表面测绘实验。该仪器的总成本约为115,000美元，其中城市学院同意分担三分之一的成本，因此向NSF申请的金额约为76,500美元。该仪器将由城市学院化工系的四名教员(A.Couzis，C.Maldarelli，D.Rumschitski和L.Gilchrist)在一系列五个项目中使用，其中一些项目是合作的。这些项目是：水重组和表面活性剂在疏水固-水界面的单层相行为(Couzis)。“超级铺展”三硅氧烷表面活性剂系统允许水在疏水表面铺展。这些系统是如何工作的尚不清楚。我们提出了一种机制，即硅氧烷在疏水/水界面吸附时取代水，在固体附近形成致密的疏水结构域，从而降低固体/水的张力和设施铺展。红外全内反射将被用来跟踪重组和链连贯性，以努力建立这一机理，并将这些信息用于设计具有超扩散能力的碳氢表面活性剂混合体系。直接测量表面活性剂在空气-水界面的状态方程(Maldarelli)。状态方程描述表面张力与表面浓度的关系。对于可溶性表面活性剂，由于表面浓度未知，这个方程还没有被直接测量。红外反射吸收光谱将被用来通过测量红外吸附和使用不溶性表面活性剂进行校准来直接获得表面浓度。用于可控结晶的纳米工程模板(Maldarelli和Couzis)在固体载体上的功能化自组装单分子膜被设计为模板，用于一种晶型对另一种晶型的选择性结晶。模板是一种外延的形式，其中功能化的模板表面模仿所需晶体多晶型的面。随着结晶过程的进行，红外全内反射将被用来跟踪模板中的结构变化，从而深入了解如何优化外延。仿生表面的特征(Gilchrist)仿生表面将由多肽、结构蛋白和磷脂等细胞成分构建。红外内反射光谱将用于这些组分的红外标签上，以研究组装表面的结构。蛋白质折叠的动力学(Rumschitski)蛋白质折叠的过程涉及从随机卷曲到自然构型的一系列动力学路径。折叠时间通常以远低于1毫秒的时间完成。对折叠过程的结构研究提供了对蛋白质序列及其天然构象之间关系的洞察，但目前很难获得，因为X射线结晶学和溶液状态核磁共振等技术的扫描时间很长。我们提出了一种新的技术，在一个小型的混合良好的流动细胞中启动蛋白质折叠，在稳定状态下，存在不同的年龄或蛋白质中间体状态。红外光谱结合动力学模型被用来识别这些状态。

ABSTRACTCTS-0079677A. CouzisCUNY @ City CollegeThis is an engineering equipment proposal for the acquisition of a Nicolet Nexus-670 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The instrument is an advanced FTIR device with features that allow operation in the near, mid and far regions of the IR and infrared sources, and an infrared microscope (Nicolet Continum infrared microscope) which will allow surface mapping experiments with minimum x-y resolution of less that .1 um. the total cost for this instrument is approximately $115,000 of which City College has agreed to a one third cost share, thus the requested amount from NSF is approximately $76,500.The Instrument will be used by four faculty (A. Couzis, C. Maldarelli, D. Rumschitski and L. Gilchrist) all of the Department of Chemical Engineering at City College in a series of five projects, some of which are collaborative. These projects are:Water restructuring and monolayer phase behavior of surfactants at the hydrophobic solid - aqueous interface (Couzis). "Superspreading" trisiloxane surfactant systems allow water to spread on hydrophobic surfaces. How these systems work is unknown. We have posited a mechanism in which the siloxane displaces water as it adsorbs onto the hydrophobic/water interface to form a dense hydrophobic domain adjacent to the solid, which lowers the solid/water tension and facilities spreading. Total internal reflection in the infrared will be used to follow restructuring and chain coherence in an effort to establish this mechanism, and this information will be used to design mixed hydrocarbon surfactant systems with superspreading ability.The direct measurement of the surfactant equation of state of the air-aqueous interface (Maldarelli).The equation of state describes the dependence of the surface tension on the surface concentration. For soluble surfactants this equation has not been measured directly since surface concentrations are unknown. Infrared reflection adsorption spectrometry will be sued to obtain directly the surface concentration by measuring the infrared adsorbance and suing a calibration with an insoluble surfactant.Nano-engineered templates for a controlled crystallization (Maldarelli and Couzis)Functionalized self-assembled monolayers on a solid support are being designed to serve as template foe selective crystallization of one polymorph over another. The templating is a form of epitaxy in which the functionalized template surface mimics a face of the desired crystal polymorph. Total internal reflection in the infrared will be used to follow structural changes in the template as crystallization proceeds providing insight into how to optimize the epitaxy.Characterization of biomimetic surfaces (Gilchrist)Biomimetic surfaces will be constructed form cellular components such as polypeptides, structural proteins and phospholipids. Internal reflection spectroscopy in the infrared will be used on IR tags on these components to study the structure of the assembling surface.The dynamic of protein folding (Rumschitski)The process of protein folding involves a series of kinetic paths in a transition from a random coil to a native configuration. Folding times are usually complete in times well below a millisecond. Structural studies of the folding process provide insight into the relationship between the protein's sequence and its native conformation, but are currently difficult to obtain because of the long scan times of techniques such as x-ray crystallography and solution state NMR. We propose a new technique in which the protein folding is initiated in a miniature well-mixed flow cell at steady state, with different ages or protein intermediates states present. IR spectroscopy, together with a kinetic model, is used to identify these states.