ITR: Visualization of Multi-valued Scientific Data: Applying Ideas from Art and Perceptual Psychology

多价值科学数据的可视化：应用艺术和感知心理学的思想这是一个多学科研究项目，旨在发现新的可视化工具，用于与多价值的科学数据及其测量的物理现象进行交互和理解。这些工具将与三个学科的科学家密切合作开发和评估：通过生物成像研究神经发育和疾病的神经生物学家，研究动脉血流的计算流动研究人员，以及使用遥感进行环境监测和资源管理的地理学家。我们将从这些多学科中的问题中提炼出共同的模式，以开发具有通用性和广泛应用的交互隐喻和可视化技术。这个项目开发了新的可视化评估方法，这是一个刚刚开始解决的领域。它还比较了可视化应用在几种交互和静态计算和显示环境中的有效性，这些环境包括四壁洞穴、带有头盔显示器的40‘x40’虚拟环境、立体声头部跟踪工作台、桌面工作站、纸张和3D快速原型输出。将研究沉浸式环境，因为这些非传统工作环境的价值尚未确定，而且它们提供了一个探索根本不同的交互隐喻的机会。将对互动和静态两种情况进行比较，并为每种应用确定适当的技术。该项目将艺术经验和感知心理学结合在一起，以获得灵感。经过几个世纪的发展，艺术家们已经形成了一种传统的技术来为特定的交流目标创造视觉表现。艺术史为理解这些知识提供了一种语言。我们将从绘画、雕塑、素描和平面设计中汲取灵感，并将这些技术应用于科学问题。除了灵感，知觉心理学还带来了第二套知识来解决科学可视化问题。评估可视化方法的有效性是困难的，因为不仅目标难以定义和编码，而且对其进行有意义评估的测试也难以设计和执行。这些评估类似于评估人类感知系统是如何工作的。几十年来，知觉心理学家一直在开发理解知觉的实验，他们将与生物学家、流体研究人员、地理学家、艺术家和计算机科学家密切合作，帮助开发评估可视化方法的方法和专业知识。虽然这个项目的许多单独组件单独重要，但协作方面是最值得注意的。从艺术和感知中挖掘想法将提出不同寻常的创新可视化想法。新的可视化技术的应用以及与其他领域的研究人员的合作将为我们提供一个独特的机会来验证这些技术，并确保它们能够满足科学问题的需要。由于这些技术将被开发并应用于多个学科，它们很可能在这些学科和其他学科中找到进一步的应用。组建的团队带来了所有学科的优势，并已经展示了协作工作的记录。拟议研究的更广泛影响不仅在于信息技术领域，在那里新方法将帮助许多学科的科学家更有效地与他们的数据交互和理解他们的数据，并对他们所代表的物理现象有更深入的了解，而且在我们将研究的特定科学领域也是如此。对血流的研究有助于提高对心血管疾病的认识和治疗。对早期神经发育的了解可以为出生缺陷、遗传障碍和其他疾病提供新的治疗方法。遥感技术的进步可以提供更有效的资源监测，并使全球生活质量得到广泛改善。

Visualization of Multi-valued Scientific Data: Applying Ideas from Art and Perceptual PsychologyThis is a multi-disciplinary research project to discover new visualization tools for interacting with and understanding multi-valued volumes of scientific data and the physical phenomena they measure. The tools will be developed and evaluated in close collaboration with scientists in three disciplines: neurobiologists studying neural development and disease via biological imaging, computational flow researchers studying blood flow through arteries, and geographers using remote sensing for environmental monitoring and resource management. We will factor out common patterns from the problems in these multiple disciplines to develop interaction metaphors and visualization techniques that are generalizable and widely applicable.This project develops new visualization evaluation methodologies, an area that has only begun to be addressed. And it compares the effectiveness of visualization applications in several interactive and static computing and display environments including a 4-wall Cave, a 40'x40' virtual environment with a head mounted display, stereo head-tracked workbenches, desktop workstations, paper, and 3D rapid-prototyping output. Immersive environments will be studiedbecause the value of these non-traditional working environments has not been established and because they present an opportunity to explore fundamentally different interaction metaphors. Comparisons will be performed for both interactive and static cases with appropriate technology determined for each application.This project brings together experience from art and perceptual psychology for inspiration. Through several centuries, artists have evolved a tradition of techniques to create visual representations for particular communication goals. Art history provides a language for understanding that knowledge. We will draw inspiration from painting, sculpture, drawing, and graphic design and apply these techniques to the scientific problems.Beyond inspiration, perceptual psychology also brings a second set of knowledge to bear on scientific visualization problems. Evaluating the effectiveness of visualization methods is difficult because, not only are the goals difficult to define and codify, tests that evaluate them meaningfully are difficult to design and execute. These evaluations are akin to evaluating how the human perceptual system works. Perceptual psychologists have been developing experiments for understanding perception for decades, and they will help develop methodology and expertise for evaluating visualization methods in close collaboration with biologists, fluids researchers, geographers, artists, and computer scientists.While many of the individual components of this project are important alone, the collaborative aspects are the most notable. Mining ideas from art and perception will suggest unusually innovative visualization ideas. The application of new visualization techniques and collaboration with researchers in other fields will provide us with a unique opportunity to validate the techniques and ensure that they are responsive to the needs of the scientific problems. Because the techniques will be developed with application to multiple disciplines, they are likely to find further application within these and other disciplines. The assembled team brings strengths in all of the disciplines and has already demonstrated a track record of collaborative work.The broader impact of the proposed research lies not only in the information technology arena, where new methods will help scientists in many disciplines to more effectively interact with and understand their data and gain insight about the physical phenomena they represent, but also in the specific scientific domains we will study. The study of blood flow could lead to improved understanding of and treatment for cardiovascular pathologies. An understanding of early neural development could enable new therapies for birth defects, genetic disorders, and other diseases. Remote sensing advances could provide more effective resource monitoring and permit widespread improvements in global quality of life.