Molecular Structure and Microstructure of PM2.5 Derived from Stationary and Mobile Fossil Fuel Sources

肯塔基大学环境分子科学合作研究活动（CRAEMS）奖由化学部门的特别项目办公室支持，并支持杰拉尔德·霍夫曼及其合作者在环境化学方面的工作。密苏里-哥伦比亚大学的J. David Robinson和犹他大学的Ronald Pugmire和Adel Sarofim也通过次级奖励获得支持。这项研究将集中在空气中直径小于2.5微米的细微颗粒物（PM）上，这些颗粒物来自固定和移动来源的化石燃料燃烧。这些微粒是硫酸铵、硝酸铵、碳（元素和有机）以及无机成分（尤其是金属）的复杂混合物。该计划将有三个目标：(1)确定与源分配相关的分子结构和微观结构；（二）鉴定对人体健康有重大影响的成分；(3)通过实验室实验和建模，实现对关键结构形成机制的基本认识。分子和微观结构将通过各种光谱和微观技术进行表征，包括XAFS， GC-MS, 13C-NMR， SEM， TEM， XRF和穆斯堡尔光谱。样品将从大型燃烧设施和柴油卡车取样、实验室实验和环境空气取样中获得。环境保护署提出了针对空气中细微颗粒物的新规定。这项研究所产生的知识对于制定有关微粒的适当条例和遵守这些条例都是有价值的。

This Collaborative Research Activities in Environmental Molecular Science (CRAEMS) Award to the University of Kentucky is supported by the Special Projects Office in the Chemistry Division, and is in support of the work of Gerald Huffman and his collaborators in environmental chemistry. Support is also provided to J. David Robinson at the University of Missouri-Columbia, and Ronald Pugmire and Adel Sarofim at the University of Utah through subawards. The research will focus on fine airborne particular matter (PM) of less than 2.5 microns in diameter, derived from the combustion of fossil fuels in both stationary and mobile sources. These particulates are complex mixtures of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, carbon, both elemental and organic, and inorganic constituents, particularly metals. The program will have three goals: (1) to identify molecular structure and microstructure, relevant for source apportionment; (2) to identify components that have significant effects on human health; and (3) to achieve, through laboratory experiments and modeling, a basic understanding of the formation mechanisms of critical structures identified. Molecular and microstructures will be characterized by a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including XAFS, GC-MS, 13C-NMR, SEM, TEM, XRF and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Samples will be obtained from large-scale combustion facilities and diesel truck sampling, laboratory experiments and ambient air sampling.The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed new regulations for fine airborne particulates. The knowledge generated by this research will be valuable for both the establishment of appropriate regulations for particulates and for compliance with those regulations.