Formation of color superconducting quark matter in supernovae and protoneutron stars

研究有限密度下强相互作用物质的性质是本项目的主要课题。在过去的几年里，人们做了大量的努力来预测大密度下QCD相图的结构，结果是不同颜色的超导相可以根据温度和重子化学势发生。如果在自然界中真的实现了彩色超导相，那么它唯一可以形成的地方就是中子星的核心，那里的密度达到了核物质饱和密度的十倍。色超导物质的形成过程应该发生在大质量恒星的核心由于星星中心密度的增加而引起的坍缩过程中，或者发生在新生中子星由于中微子发射而冷却的过程中。如果在致密星星生命的早期阶段形成彩色超导相，那么坍缩动力学和中微子的扩散过程以及光度都会受到强烈的影响。这个项目的目标是提供可能的签名的夸克阶段的形成质子中子星，可以测试由目前的中微子探测器在下一个核心坍缩超新星事件在我们的星系（或在本星系群与新一代的中微子探测器计划）。

The study of the properties of strongly interacting matter at finite density is the main subject of this project. In the last years a huge effort has been done to predict the structure of the QCD phase diagram at large densities with the result that different color superconducting phases can take place depending on the temperature and the baryonic chemical potential. If a color superconducting phase is really realised in Nature the only place in which it can be formed is the core of neutron stars where densities of order of ten times the nuclear matter saturation density are reached. The formation process of the color superconducting matter should occur during the collapse of the core of massive stars triggered by the increase of the central density of the star or during the cooling, by neutrino emission, of the newly born neutron stars. The dynamics of the collapse and the diffusion process and luminosity of neutrinos could be strongly influenced if color superconducting phases are formed during the early stages of the life of a compact star. The goal of this project is to provide possible signatures of the formation of quark phases in protoneutron stars which could be tested by the present neutrino detectors in the next core collapse supernova events in our galaxy (or in the local group of galaxies with the new generation of neutrino detectors planned).