Anthropoid Origins Symposium (New)

该奖项将资助一个研讨会，该研讨会旨在汇集对灵长类动物起源问题有不同意见的科学家，灵长类动物包括猴子，猿和人类。 与会者将解决这样的问题：如何与其他灵长类动物的蜥蜴？ 该组织起源于何时何地？今天的机器人有哪些功能性和适应性创新？这些创新的适应性意义和演变历史是什么？对于那些有兴趣加深我们对灵长类进化的了解的人来说，这是一个激动人心的时刻。 新发现的始新世中晚期灵长类动物来自亚洲和非洲，它们被不同的解释为支持关于灵长类动物关系和地理起源的相互竞争的假设。关于现存的主要猴类--卡他鼻猴和阔鼻猴（旧大陆猴和新大陆猴）的古老性，也存在着同样不同的观点。对视觉系统、大脑和进食器官的功能和适应性有了更好的理解，这些是集中了独特的类人猿特征的关键解剖系统。估计化石灵长类动物视力和活动模式的新方法为视觉系统的进化提供了新的见解。在灵长类动物的色觉信息的快速积累，包括新的遗传证据，可能的三色性在strepsirrhines，和新的行为数据的好处色觉，使这是一个令人兴奋的时间来评估的作用，色觉在灵长类动物进化。近年来，神经科学家对灵长类动物视觉系统的研究产生了大量重要数据，这使得这些研究人员与人类学家聚集在一起的理想时机。灵长类动物行为学家和生态学家正在开发新的模型来解释灵长类动物群体生活的起源，而灵长类动物为这些想法提供了一个很好的测试。化石记录的早期类恐龙允许测试这些模型，揭示新的性状组合，可以提供关键的证伪这些模型，并建议的顺序，目前的性状协会已经演变。 分子方法继续帮助澄清我们对进化变化的时间和克里思的理解，其目的是聚集这些领域的一些关键研究人员讨论他们的观点，加强古生物学家和新生物学家之间的知识交流，他们研究视觉和咀嚼系统，分子系统学和系统发育分析应用于适应研究。

This award will underwrite a symposium organized to bring together scientists with divergent opinions on questions surrounding the origins of anthropoids, the group of primates including monkeys, apes and humans. The participants will address such questions as: How are anthropoids related to other primates? Where and when did the group originate? What functional and adaptive innovations characterize anthropoids today? What is the adaptive significance and evolutionary history of these innovations? This is an exciting time for those interested in deepening our knowledge of primate evolution. Newly recovered middle and late Eocene primates from Asia and Africa have been variously interpreted as supporting competing hypotheses regarding anthropoid relationships and biogeographic origins. Equally divergent views exist concerning the antiquity of the major groups of living anthropoids-catarrhines and platyrrhines (Old World and New World Monkeys). There is an improved understanding of function and adaptation in the visual system, brain, and feeding apparatus, key anatomical systems where distinctive anthropoid features are concentrated. New methods for estimating visual acuity and activity patterns in fossil primates are providing insights into the evolution of the visual system. The rapid accumulation of information on color vision in primates, including new genetic evidence of possible trichromacy in strepsirrhines, and new behavioral data on the benefits of color vision, makes this an exciting time to evaluate the role of chromatic perception in anthropoid evolution. Research into the primate visual system by neuroscientists has generated a plethora of important data in recent years, making this an ideal time to bring these researchers together with anthropologists. Primate behaviorists and ecologists are developing new models to explain the origins of group living in primates and anthropoids provide an excellent test of these ideas. The fossil record of early anthropoids allows testing of these models, revealing novel trait combinations that can provide critical falsification of these models and suggest the sequence in which current trait associations have evolved. Molecular approaches continue to aid in clarifying our understanding of the timing and tempo of evolutionary change.The objective is to bring together some of the key researchers in these fields to discuss their views, to enhance intellectual exchanges among paleontologists and neontologists who study the visual and masticatory systems, molecular systematics, and phylogenetic analysis as applied to the study of adaptation.