Collaborative Research: Science, Technology, and Inequalities

这项协作研究包括文献综述、背景文件和初步数据分析，之后将举行一次规划会议，将这些概念扩展到后续国际协作项目，稍后将另行提出。美国国内对不平等的担忧与日俱增。快速的经济增长和低失业率并没有转化为所有人的平等福利。一些观察人士将日益扩大的收入差距与技术变革以及随之而来的技能需求变化联系在一起。经济正在为郊区受过良好教育的人创造新的高薪工作岗位，将技能较低的工人留在市中心，并将他们降级到最低工资的服务业工作。同样，各国在生活水平上的差距也越来越大。最富裕国家和最贫穷国家之间的平均收入差距也在扩大。在发达国家，大约5%的人口生活在极端贫困中，拉丁美洲和东亚有20%的人口生活在极端贫困中，非洲和南亚有40%的人口生活在极端贫困中。这些差距还与发展战略有关，而发展战略又取决于一个国家的技能和技术基础设施。佐治亚理工学院和美国科学促进会分别但合作提出的这项研究，将支持一个项目的规划阶段，以探索科技政策在不平等的复杂动态中所扮演的角色，并开发利用S和科技政策来抵消技术变革固有离心力的方法。许多文献试图解释国内和国际上的收入不平等。然而，收入只是衡量人们实际生活质量的一个指标。相反，该项目直接关注结果不平等问题。它始于人类基本需要的四个领域的成果：健康、粮食/营养、环境、和平/安全，外加两个中间成果领域--信息技术和教育/就业。在每个领域，关于国家和国际成果的数据可用来分析通过复杂的机构联系网与研究议程相联系的研究议程的影响和差距。然后，这些分析为我们提供了概念性工具，为S&T；政策的变化制定选项，帮助那些在这些领域最落后的人改善结果。根据佐治亚理工学院学者的工作，美国科学促进会将召集一次熟悉不平等和/或科学和技术政策研究的专家工作会议，审查和批评迄今的工作，并在设计将这些概念扩展到一个涉及几个大陆的学者的国际合作项目方面提供指导。

This collaborative research involves a literature review, background paper, and preliminary data analysis, to be followed by a planning meeting for extension of the concepts to a follow-on international collaborative project, to be proposed separately at a later date. Concern is rising within the United States about inequality. Rapid economic growth and low unemployment have not translated into equal benefits for all. Some observers have linked the growing income gap to technological change and the accompanying shifts in demands for skills. The economy is creating new high-paying jobs for the well educated in the suburbs, leaving less skilled workers behind in the inner cities, and relegating them to minimum-wage service work. Similarly, nations are growing further apart in standard of living. The gap in average income between the richest and poorest countries is also growing. In developed countries, about five percent of the population lives in extreme poverty, while 20 percent do so in Latin America and East Asia, and 40 percent in Africa and South Asia. These gaps are also linked to development strategies, which in turn depend on a nation's skills and technological infrastructure. The research proposed separately but collaboratively by Georgia Tech and AAAS will support the planning phase of a project to explore the role of science and technology policy in the complex dynamics of inequality, and to develop ways to use S&T policy to counteract the centrifugal forces inherent in technological change. Much of the literature attempts to explain income inequality, both domestically and internationally. Income is only a proxy measure, however, for the actual quality of people's lives. This project focuses instead directly on outcome inequalities. It begins from outcomes in four areas of basic human need: health, food/nutrition, environment, peace/security, plus two intermediate outcome areas, information technology and education/employment. In each area, data on outcomes, nationally and internationally, can be used to analyze the effects of and gaps in research agendas that are linked to them through complex webs of institutional links. These analyses then provide us with conceptual tools to develop options for changes in S&T policy that can help improve outcomes for those who are furthest behind in these areas. Based upon the work of the Georgia Tech scholars, AAAS will convene a working meeting of experts familiar with research on inequalities and/or science and technology policy, to review and critique the work to date and to provide guidance in designing an extension of the concepts to an international collaborative project involving scholars from several continents.