PEET: Studies in the Lasiosphaeriaceae II: Monograph of Podospora and Phylogeny of the Lasiosphaeria/Sordariaceae Group (Fungi, Ascomycetes, Sordariales)

在对子囊菌目的分类和系统发育的持续富有成效的研究中，菲尔德博物馆的Sabine Huhndorf博士和她的学生和同事正在专注于该属的分类和系统发育，该属是该类群中最大和最复杂的属之一(全球有138种)，以及相关的分类群。该属是了解该种群之间关系的关键，并且作为粪便分解真菌门的主要组成部分在生态上具有重要意义。以往的研究表明，大属Lasiosphaeria和Cercophora与泊孢类和模式生物Neuropora crassa和Sordaria fimicola形成了一个单系群。这些关系与传统的分类模式有很大不同。虽然从形态角度来看，人们对该属的研究很多，但在分子系统学研究中尚未涉及到该属；对该属的分子特征进行修订对于了解它们与索氏菌目中其他分类群之间的关系是必不可少的。这项研究将作为未来子囊菌系统学研究的模式系统，采用多基因方法，包括蛋白质编码基因和核糖体基因，以及用于在特定、属和家族水平上确定系统发育关系的形态特征。从模式标本和其他标本标本、新收集的标本和培养物中获得的形态和分子数据将作为专题和科级系统发育研究的基础。在数字图像采集系统的帮助下，这项研究将为索尔达里亚目的分类群制作详细的鉴定指南。结果将通过硬拷贝和在菲尔德博物馆真菌学WWW网站上获得。由此产生的专著、标本数据库、在线图像目录和交互式鉴定系统的出版将极大地帮助世界各地的研究人员进一步研究子囊菌。该研究和培训项目涉及菲尔德博物馆的同事Greg Mueller博士以及丹麦和新西兰的其他人，他们也将协助这些国家的实地工作。该课程直接解决目前子囊菌分类学面临的几个主要挑战，包括：a)严格检查目前用于子囊菌分类学的一些关键形态特征的变异模式；b)使用系统发育方法稳定属、科和序的概念；c)确定热带国家的分类多样性；d)将这些数据整合到专题处理中；e)培训学生，使其精通传统以及现代工具和分析。了解子囊菌之间的系统发育关系很重要，因为这些真菌在我们的生活世界中扮演着重要的角色，它们是有机物的分解者，动植物疾病的病原体，以及具有医学和工业意义的化合物的来源。

In a continuation of productive studies of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Sordariales, a large and ecologically important group of ascomycete fungi, Dr. Sabine Huhndorf of the Field Museum and her students and colleagues are focusing on the genus Podospora, one of the largest and most complex in the group (138 species worldwide), and related taxa. The genus is key to understanding relationships in the group, and is ecologically important as a dominant component of the dung decomposer mycota. Previous studies have shown that the large genera Lasiosphaeria and Cercophora form a monophyletic group together with Podospora and the model organisms Neurospora crassa and Sordaria fimicola. These relationships are significantly different from traditional classification schemes. While Podospora species have had a great deal of attention from a morphological standpoint, they have not previously been included in molecular systematic studies; and a revision of the genus incorporating molecular characters is essential for understanding their relationship among other taxa in the Sordariales. This study will serve as a model system for future studies in ascomycete systematics by using a multi-gene approach, incorporating both protein-coding and ribosomal genes, along with morphological characters for determining phylogenetic relationships at the specific, generic and familial levels. Both the monographic and the family level phylogenetic studies will be based on morphological and molecular data obtained from type and other herbarium specimens, newly collected specimens, and cultures. With the aid of digital image capturing systems, this study will produce detailed identification guides for taxa in the Sordariales. Results will be available via hard copy and over the Field Museum Mycology WWW site. The publication of the resulting monographs, specimen databases, on-line image catalog and interactive identification system will greatly assist further studies of ascomycetes by researchers worldwide. The research and training enterprise involves colleague Dr. Greg Mueller at the Field Museum as well as others in Denmark and New Zealand who will assist also with the fieldwork in those countries. Students will also participate in ongoing field work in Costa Rica and Ecuador.This program directly addresses several of the major challenges currently facing ascomycete systematics including: a) rigorously examining patterns of variation in some of the key morphological characters currently used in ascomycete taxonomy, b) stabilizing generic, familial and ordinal concepts using a phylogenetic approach, c) determining taxonomic diversity in tropical countries, d) integrating these data into monographic treatments, and e) training students to become well versed in traditional as well as modern tools and analyses. Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes is important because these fungi play an important role in our living world as decomposers of organic matter and as agents of plant and animal diseases, and as sources of medically and industrially significant compounds.