Interactive Software Across the Science Curriculum with Java and XML

化学（12）使用Java/XML软件，为化学和生物化学课程开发了一套设计工具/玩家对的程序和教材。设计工具软件允许教师建立自己的智力和教学内容为学生高度互动的电子练习。设计工具/玩家组合为教师提供了完全的独立性，让他们选择内容，也为学生提供了自主教学的空间。设计工具/玩家组合的概念非常普遍，适用于本科化学的大多数领域。这种通用性和灵活性允许学生在老师的指导下，通过与同学的合作，不仅通过科学方法的应用，而且通过自我反思、尝试和错误的过程，以及通过学生将实践和理论联系起来而出现的知识体系的构建，来解决问题。设计工具程序是菜单驱动的，不需要编程知识。它将教师交互设计的逻辑和内容转换为带有xml标记的文本。生成的XML文件可以由Java播放器程序“播放”，该程序将交互式练习呈现给学生，并跟踪学生的响应（鼠标单击或键盘输入）。我们通过在生物化学课程中设计酶机制教程练习的工具/参与者对来证明这种方法的有效性。机制工具/玩家组合可以用于创建几乎任何酶机制（或任何化学反应机制）的机制练习。这个概念验证项目旨在展示1)这种方法在软件创建中的广泛用途；2)为涵盖本科化学教育的许多方面的各种互动练习创建工具/玩家组合；3)将我们的发展努力扩展到整个科学课程的潜力。

Chemistry (12)Using Java/XML software, suites of design tool/player pairs of programs and educational materials for the chemistry and biochemistry curriculum are being developed. The design tool software permit instructors to build their own intellectual and instructional content into highly interactive electronic exercises for students. The design tool/player pairs provide total independence both to instructors, for selection of content, and to the students, for self-paced instruction. The design tool/player pair concept is sufficiently general that it is adaptable to most areas of undergraduate chemistry. This generality and flexibility permit students, with guidance from the instructor and via collaboration with peers, to problem-solve, not only via the application of the scientific method, but also via processes of self-reflection, trial and error, and the construction of a body of knowledge that emerges as students link practice and theory. The design tool program is menu-driven and requires no programming knowledge. It converts the logic and content of an instructor's interactive design into XML-tagged text. The XML file that results can be "played" by a Java player program, which presents the interactive exercise to the student and keeps track of the students responses (mouse clicks or keyboard input). We have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach by designing a tool/player pair for enzyme mechanism tutorial exercises in a biochemistry course. The mechanism tool/player pair can be used to create mechanism exercises for virtually any enzyme mechanism (or any chemical reaction mechanism, for that matter). This proof of Concept project is intended to show 1) the broad usefulness of this approach to software creation ; 2) the creation of tool/player pairs for a variety of interactive exercises covering many aspects of an undergraduate education in chemistry; and 3) the potential to expand our development efforts to an entire science curriculum.