CRI: The Longitudinal Effects of Racial Identity on Parenting Styles and Racial Socialization of African-American Children

摘要种族认同对非裔美国儿童的父母教养方式和种族社会化的纵向影响Marva L.Lewis这是一个评估非裔美国父母的种族和种族认同对他们的婴幼儿父母养育方式的长期影响的项目。该项目扩展了罗恩·罗纳关于父母接受和拒绝的理论，将非裔美国儿童发展的种族背景包括在内。首席调查员认为，孩子的家庭和社交网络中的不同成员接受或拒绝或取笑孩子的表型种族特征时，会产生强烈的情绪。表型种族特征--肤色、头发质地、鼻子和嘴唇大小--在父母的童年早期可能一直是嘲笑、自豪或羞愧的来源。这些早期与种族相关的强烈情感经历构成了父母的民族传记。他们的民族传记包括他们的种族认同、种族接受和排斥的童年早期经历以及内化的刻板印象。我们还提出，研究父母和孩子之间的互动的最好的文化有效背景是使用带有种族色彩的梳头任务。在过去的几年里，P.I.使用基于这一理论的问卷和梳理头发的任务，进行了几项探索性和试验性的研究。这些先导研究的结果表明，种族接受和拒绝的早期经历与成年非裔美国母亲的抑郁和焦虑、安全感和不安全感、自尊、种族认同和种族自豪感有关。此外，种族排斥的早期经历与对黑人的更高水平的内化刻板印象有关。由国家心理健康研究所资助的一项试点研究对41名母婴进行了研究，考察了梳头任务(结合教学任务和自由玩耍任务)的稳定性，并将其作为评估父母养育方式的可行环境。目前的项目是计划研究和制定措施。需要解决的主要研究问题是：1)非洲裔美国父母的民族传记与他们目前对孩子的育儿信念和态度之间是否存在关系？2)非裔美国父母早期接受和拒绝种族的经历与他们对孩子的养育方式有什么关系？其目标是开发一个科学严谨的项目，以复制和扩展先前的研究成果。

AbstractThe Longitudinal Effects of Racial Identity on Parenting Styles and Racial Socialization of African American ChildrenMarva L. Lewis This is a project to evaluate the long-term impact of African American parents' ethnicity and racial identity on their parenting styles with infants and toddlers. The project expands Ron Rohner's theory of parental acceptance and rejection to include the racial context of African American children's development. The Principal Investigator argues there are intense emotions associated with being accepted or rejected or teased about phenotypic racial features by various members of the child's family and social networks. Phenotypic racial features -- skin color, hair texture, nose and lip size -- may have been an ongoing source of ridicule, pride or shame to during the parent's early childhood. These early intense emotional experiences associated with race compose the parent's ethnobiography. Their ethnobiography includes their ethnic identity, early childhood experiences of racial acceptance and rejection and internalized stereotypes. We also propose that the best culturally valid context to study the interactions between parents and children is to use the racially charged task of hair combing. Several exploratory and pilot studies have been conducted by the P.I. over the past several years using a questionnaire based on this theory and using the hair-combing task. The findings from these pilot studies suggest that early experiences of racial acceptance and rejection are associated with depression and anxiety, feelings of security and insecurity, self-esteem, and racial identity and racial pride in adult African American mothers. Further, early experiences of racial rejection were associated with higher levels of internalized stereotypes about Blacks. A pilot study funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental health was conducted with 41 mother-child dyads and examined the robustness of Hair Combing Task (in conjunction with a teaching task and free play task) as a viable context to evaluate parenting styles. The current project is to plan research and to develop the measures. The primary research questions to be addressed are: 1)."Is there a relationship between African American parents' ethnobiographies and their current childrearing beliefs and attitudes about children? 2). What is the relationship of African American parents' early experiences of racial acceptance and rejection with their parenting styles with their children?" The goal is to develop a scientifically rigorous project to replicate and expand the previous research findings.