Configurable and Composable Systems Mechanisms Supporting Multi-Property Quality of Service for Memory and Power Constrained Embedded Systems

项目摘要嵌入式系统正在迅速普及，并被部署在各种设备上，以实现更广泛的应用。主要的设备限制是内存和功率，而嵌入式应用程序需要广泛的服务质量(Qos)属性。用于嵌入式系统的系统软件的一个严重问题是它还不适合在不同的情况下重用。商业和研究系统软件通常在四个方面中的一个或多个方面存在不足。首先，软件是从更大的基础或高级抽象(如模式)派生出来的，没有足够的缩放性。其次，该软件提供了点解决方案，对系统软件基础设施和嵌入式设备的特性进行了硬编码约束。第三，不提供或非常有限的不同的服务质量级别。第四，节能通常不被考虑。这个为期两年的研究项目的目标是建立一个科学基础，以克服上面概述的限制。这项研究涉及四个领域的基本问题：基线体系结构约束、服务质量属性及其组成、网络范围的组成和软件工程。作为副产品，一个新的系统软件框架正在开发中，该框架具有新的和更可配置的系统机制，以量化和验证这些基本问题的答案。该项目对基线体系结构约束的研究确定了在细粒度下实现小内存和受限资源使用(忽略Qos)的必要条件，探索了实现这一目标的系统软件机制和功能的基本权衡。然后将该基线扩展到多个QOS属性，包括轻量级QOS机制的新组合，给定基本的QOS成本、可选的合成策略以及它们之间的权衡。全网络组成研究设备网络中的基本交互作用，包括预测和调节给定节点的行为对全局系统属性的影响的技术。软件工程方面的工作研究如何利用方面、模式和工具来组成嵌入式系统的中间件。长远的目标是以细粒度的方式自动生成应用程序代码，使其不包含过于通用或不必要的功能。正在开发服务质量机制来解决各种问题。例如，计算机安全包括许多概念(例如，机密性、完整性、授权)，每个概念都可以在多个服务级别或强度上提供。同样，也存在许多容错机制。该项目扩展了对如何从多个服务质量属性(例如，安全性、容错、实时行为)组合多个机制的理解。如果研究成功，其影响是广泛的。首先，它将使嵌入式系统应用程序更容易编程、更健壮和更容易验证。该项目的多属性服务质量分析和机制将通过集成到GridStat研究工作中过渡，该工作由NIST关键基础设施保护研究计划下的PI领导。GridStat是必须向电网提供状态信息的中间件。利用多种服务质量，即安全性、及时性和容错性，可以支持对电网这一关键(也是脆弱的)基础设施进行更好的控制和监控。

Project AbstractEmbedded systems are rapidly becoming pervasive and are being deployed on a wide range of devices for an even wider range of applications. The chief device constraints are memory and power, and embedded applications require a wide range of Quality of Service (QoS) properties. A serious problem with systems software for embedded systems is that it is not yet suitable for reuse in different situations. Commercial and research systems software typically falls short in one or more of four ways. First, the software is derived from a larger base or from high-level abstractions such as patterns, and does not scale down far enough. Second, the software offers a point solution, with hard coded constraints on both the systems software infrastructure and the embedded device's characteristics. Third, different QoS levels are not offered or are very limited. Fourth, power conservation is not usually considered.The goal of this two-year research project is to develop a scientific foundation to overcome the limitations outlined above. This research addresses fundamental questions in four areas: baseline architectural constraints, QoS properties and their compositions, network-wide composition, and software engineering. As a byproduct, a new systems software framework with new and more configurable systems mechanisms is in development to quantify and validate the answers to these fundamental questions.The project's research on baseline architectural constraints ascertains necessary conditions to achieve small memory and constrained resource usage (ignoring QoS) at a fine granularity, exploring the fundamental tradeoffs in systems software mechanisms and functionality that enable this. This baseline is then extended for multiple QoS properties, including new combinations of lightweight QoS mechanisms, given the fundamental QoS costs, alternative composition strategies, and tradeoffs among them. Research on network-wide composition investigates the fundamental interactions in networks of devices, including techniques to predict and regulate the effect of a given node's behavior on global system properties. The work on software engineering investigates ways to utilize aspects, patterns, and tools in composing middleware for embedded systems. The long- range goal is that application code can be auto-generated in a fine-grained manner so that it does not contain overly general or unnecessary functionality.QoS mechanisms are being developed to address various issues. For example, computer security encompasses many concepts (e.g., confidentiality, integrity, authorization) each of which can be provided at multiple levels or strengths of service. Likewise, many fault tolerance mechanisms exist. This project extends the understanding of how multiple mechanisms from multiple QoS properties (e.g., security, fault tolerance, real-time behavior) can be composed.The impact of this research, if successful, is broad. First, it will enable embedded systems applications to be more easily programmed, more robust, and more easily verified. The multi-property QoS analysis and mechanisms from this project will be transitioned through integration into the GridStat research effort, led by the PI under NIST's Critical Infrastructure Protection research program. GridStat is middleware that must deliver status information to the power grid. Exploiting multiple QoS, properties, namely security, timeliness, and fault tolerance, can support in better control and monitoring of the electric power grid, a critical (and vulnerable) infrastructure.