LTREB: Forest Ecosystem Response to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM)

缅因州的熊溪流域（BBWM）是一个长期配对的森林流域研究点，每个流域都由一级河流通过V形缺口堰排水。一个分水岭（西熊）已处理12年，每两个月与N和S的航空遥感应用，与第二个分水岭（东熊）作为参考分水岭。本LTREB提案的目标是：1.研究校准的东熊流域的环境S，N和基地阳离子沉积的长期模式的响应。这将通过保持高质量的沉积和河流输出数据从参考流域，支持研究生态系统过程和变化随着时间的推移由本项目和其他资助.研究西熊流域氮饱和度的时间进程。这将通过继续在西熊流域进行的十年级全生态系统N S添加实验来实现。& 3.确定短期和长期气候与目前正在研究的两个流域的地球化学和水文过程之间是否存在可定义的关系。这将通过在BBWM的主要生态系统分区建立空气和土壤温度测量计划来实现。研究将集中在温度之间的关系，氮动态（矿化，硝化），地表水氮输出在参考和处理流域，我们将评估使用热量单位来预测生态系统行为相对于这些过程的有效性。提供支持，加强BBWM的数据管理工作，从而使这一长期记录更容易为科学界所用，并通过广泛的网络提供解释性界面，供教育工作者和决策者使用。LTREB建议的一个主要重点是在BBWM项目上开发一个分层的网络存在，为政策制定者、教育工作者和研究人员提供数据和亮点。为研究生培训和本科生在research.Findings的经验提供支持从这项研究已被证明是交钥匙到目前为止在区域和国家的辩论对酸沉降的影响和氮饱和度的风险对森林和新英格兰的表面沃茨。支持BBWM长期研究计划的令人信服的理由是，对环境中N和S沉积变化（东熊），长期化学操纵（西熊）以及11年以上后的季节性和年际气候变化的响应变化显示出在研究的前2 - 3年内无法识别的响应机制。在对短期供资周期进行研究时，这些长期应对机制往往被忽视。BBWM正在研究的长期和独特的应对措施对于充分评估世纪有关空气污染和气候变化的政策和管理选择至关重要。

0210257FernandezThe Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term paired, forested watershed researchsite with each watershed drained by a first order stream through a v-notch weir. One watershed(West Bear) has been treated bimonthly for 12 years with N and S by aerial helicopterapplications, with the second watershed (East Bear) serving as the reference watershed. Theobjectives of this LTREB proposal are to:1. Study the response of the calibrated East Bear Watershed to long-term patterns of ambient S,N, and base cation deposition. This will be accomplished by maintaining high qualitydeposition and stream export data from the reference watershed in support of research onecosystem processes and change over time funded by this project and others.2. Study the temporal progression of N saturation at the West Bear Watershed. This will beaccomplished by continuing the decadal-scale whole ecosystem N & S addition experimentongoing at the West Bear Watershed. 3. Determine if a definable relationship exists between short and longer-term climate and thebiogeochemical and hydrologic processes currently under study at both watersheds. Thiswill be accomplished by establishing an air and soil temperature measurement program across major ecosystem compartments at BBWM. Studies will focus on the relationships between temperature, N dynamics (mineralization, nitrification), and surface water N export in both the reference and treated watersheds, and we will evaluate the efficacy of using heat units to predict ecosystem behavior with respect to these processes.4. Provide support to strengthen the data management efforts at the BBWM, thereby makingthis long-term record more accessible to the scientific community with an interpretiveinterface to be used by educators and policy makers through an expansive web presence. Amajor emphasis of this LTREB proposal is the development of a layered web presence on theBBWM project that provides access to data and highlights for policy makers, educators andresearchers.5. Provide support for graduate student training and undergraduate student experiences inresearch.Findings from this research have proven to be turnkey to date in regional and national debates onthe effects of acid deposition and the risk of N saturation to forests and surface waters of NewEngland. The compelling justification for supporting the long-term program of research atBBWM is that changes in response to changing ambient deposition of N and S (East Bear), long-term chemical manipulations (West Bear), and seasonal and inter-annual climate variation after11+ years are showing mechanisms of response that were not discernable within the first 2-3years of the study. These long-term mechanisms of response are frequently overlooked whenresearch is conducted on short-term funding cycles. The long-term and unique responses beinginvestigated at BBWM will be critical for adequately assessing policy and management optionsregarding air pollution and climate change in the 21 st century.