Permanently Instrumented Field Sites for Study of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction

[0217421]乔治·布朗地震工程模拟台网（NEES）是美国国家科学基金会重大研究设备与设施建设专项资助的项目。该合作协议在NEES框架下建立了两个永久性仪器现场，用于监测土壤-基础-结构相互作用（SFSI）、地面运动、地面变形和孔隙-水压力响应。现场站点将用于监测局部和区域地震产生的反应，并用于由振动筛进行的主动实验，例如加州大学洛杉矶分校（NSF NEES奖CMS-0086596）和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校（NSF NEES奖CMS-0086605）的其他NEES项目正在建造的振动筛。这两个地点是由杨百翰大学（BYU）领导的研究小组与加州大学圣巴巴拉分校（UCSB）和南加州大学（USC）合作开发的。这些站点将通过高性能网络连接到NEES网络系统。该设备将于2004年9月30日投入使用，并将作为国家共享使用的NEES设备站点进行管理，具有远程观测和远程操作能力，到2014年将为岩土工程和SFSI测试提供新的地震工程研究测试能力。共享使用的获取和培训将通过NEES联盟进行协调。该奖项是对提交给项目招标NSF 01-164“NEES地震工程研究设备，第二阶段”的提案进行同行评审的结果。NEES设备将作为永久性的现场阵列放置在南加州的两个地点：位于加利福尼亚州Hemet以东河滨县的Garner Valley井下阵列（GVDA）和位于加利福尼亚州Calipatria附近帝国县的Salton Sea Wildlife Refuge液化阵列（WLA）。这两个地点都位于主要断层附近，以前都有记录地面运动和孔隙水压力的历史。这两个地点的下面是柔软的、可液化的地面。GVDA的仪器将得到升级和增强，以进行实时数据传输。将在该地点建造一个可重构的单层结构，并在结构、基础和下层土壤中安装传感器。小型振动筛将永久安装在建筑物的屋顶上；较大的振动筛可以被带到现场，放在建筑物上或附近的平台上，以人为地激发结构和下面的地面。WLA的仪器将进行升级，并大大扩展，以监测三维地面运动和孔隙水压力响应。能够同时进行数据传输和远程观测的通信设备将允许将数据快速传送到NEES网络并远程参与在站点进行的实验。需要进一步研究地震输入下实际结构的SFSI，但实际结构的复杂性往往掩盖了对SFSI现象的理解。在城市或地质复杂的环境中，地面破坏的研究也很复杂。需要像这两个这样简单、特征良好的试验场，以增加对SFSI、地面响应和地震期间地面破坏背后的物理学的理解。这对NEES现场站点也将为新的现场表征技术和新的传感器技术提供一个很好的试验台。实地考察将对地震工程、岩土工程和工程地震学的本科和研究生教学计划产生影响，使学生能够通过远程参与和现场研讨会参与主动实验。这两个站点的数据将提供给NEES数据存储库和先进国家地震系统（ANSS）。收集到的信息将有助于开发和验证地面响应、孔隙水压力产生和动态SFSI的模拟模型。改进这些基本地震工程现象的模拟，将有助于更好、更安全、更经济的工程设计。杨百翰大学、加州大学圣迭戈分校和南加州大学将把这些地点的实验整合到他们的研究项目和课程中，通过现场课程和网络材料为外部研究人员提供培训机会，并接待访问学者。

Abstract0217421YoudThe George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) is a project funded under the NSF Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction appropriation. This cooperative agreement, under NEES, establishes two permanently instrumented field sites for monitoring soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI), ground motion, ground deformation, and pore-water pressure responses. The field sites will be used to monitor responses generated by local and regional earthquakes and for active experiments with excitation by shakers such as those being constructed by other NEES projects at the University of California, Los Angeles (NSF NEES award CMS-0086596 and the University of Texas, Austin (NSF NEES award CMS-0086605). These two field sites are being developed by a team of investigators led by Brigham Young University (BYU), in partnership with the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) and the University of Southern California (USC). The sites will be connected to the NEES network system through a high performance network. This equipment will be operational by September 30, 2004, and will be managed as a national shared-use NEES equipment site, with teleobservation and teleoperation capabilities, to provide new earthquake engineering research testing capabilities for geotechnical and SFSI testing through 2014. Shared-use access and training will be coordinated through the NEES Consortium. This award is an outcome of the peer review of proposals submitted to program solicitation NSF 01-164, "NEES Earthquake Engineering Research Equipment, Phase 2." The NEES equipment will be located as permanently instrumented field arrays at two sites in Southern California: the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA) in Riverside County, east of Hemet, California, and the Salton Sea Wildlife Refuge Liquefaction Array (WLA) in Imperial County near Calipatria, California. Both sites are located adjacent to major faults and have previous histories of recording ground motions and pore-water pressures. The two sites are underlain by soft, liquefiable ground. The instrumentation at GVDA will be upgraded and enhanced for real-time data transmission. A reconfigurable, one-story structure will be constructed at that site and instrumented with sensors installed in the structure, foundation, and underlying soil. A small shaker will be permanently mounted on the roof of the building; larger shakers may be brought to the site and placed on the building or on a nearby pad to artificially excite the structure and underlying ground. Instrumentation at WLA will be upgraded and greatly expanded to allow monitoring of three-dimensional ground motion and pore-water pressure responses. Communications equipment capable of concurrent data transmission and teleobservation will allow rapid delivery of data to the NEES network and remote participation in experiments conducted at the sites. There is need to further study SFSI in real structures under seismic input, but there are always complexities in real structures that can mask understanding of SFSI phenomena. Study of ground failure is also complicated in urban or geologically complex settings. Simple, well-characterized test sites like these two are needed to increase understanding of the physics behind SFSI, ground response, and ground failure during earthquakes. This pair of NEES field sites will also provide an excellent test bed for new in-situ site characterization techniques and new sensor technologies. The field sites will have an impact on undergraduate and graduate teaching programs in earthquake engineering, geotechnical engineering, and engineering seismology by allowing students to participate in the active experiments through teleparticipation as well as on-site workshops. Data from both sites will be contributed to the NEES Data Repository and the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The collected information will aid development and verification of simulation models for ground response, pore-water pressure generation, and dynamic SFSI. Improved simulation of these fundamental earthquake engineering phenomena will lead to better, safer and more economical engineering design. BYU, UCSB, and USC will integrate experimentation at these sites into their research program and curricula, provide training opportunities for outside researchers through on-site courses and web-based materials, and host visiting scholars.