Study of Tornado-Induced Wind Loads on Built Structures

该项目采用了一种协同方法，包括使用现场数据，数值模拟和实验室模拟来研究龙卷风引起的人造或建筑结构上的风荷载。该项目的主要目标是量化典型结构（如低层和高层建筑物、圆顶形和弯曲屋顶结构以及细长烟囱和塔楼）上的龙卷风诱导风荷载，这些结构构成了我们大部分的建筑环境。在这个项目中，在爱荷华州州立大学（ISU）的实验室龙卷风模拟器被用来真实地产生各种龙卷风样的漩涡，以测试其加载的几何比例模型的建成结构的影响。俄克拉荷马州大学“车轮上的多普勒”研究的现场测量数据，沿着由龙卷风涡旋风的数值模拟在ISU产生的数据外推的现场数据（可用于50英尺及以上）地面水平被用来验证实验室龙卷风模拟器产生的流场。该实验室模拟器采用了一种创新的机制，使其能够产生具有不同漩涡比、核心直径和雷诺数的平移龙卷风状涡流，适用于几何比例模型测试。

This project uses a synergistic approach that involves use of field data, numerical simulation, and laboratory simulation to study tornado-induced wind loads on man-made or built structures. The primary objective of this project is to quantify tornado-induced wind loads on typical structures such as low-rise and high-rise buildings, dome-shaped and curved-roof structures, and slender chimneys and towers that comprise the majority of our built environment. In this project, a laboratory tornado simulator at Iowa State University (ISU) is used to realistically produce a variety of tornado-like vortices for testing their loading effects on geometrically-scaled models of built structures. Field measurement data from the University of Oklahoma's "Doppler on Wheels" studies along with the data generated by numerical simulations of tornado vortex winds at ISU to extrapolate the field data (available for 50 ft and above) to ground level are used to validate the flow field generated by the laboratory tornado simulator. This laboratory simulator uses an innovative mechanism that allows it to produce a translating tornado-like vortex with different Swirl ratios, core diameters and Reynolds numbers suitable for geometrically-scaled model testing.