WORKSHOP: Model-Data Integration and Network Design for Biogeochemical Research: An NCAR-CSU Summer School

全球生物地球化学研究必须越来越多地解决“检测”或量化进入大气的变化通量的问题，以及从具体机制的角度对这些通量的“归属”或解释的问题。今天，我们的测量和分析能力都不足以应对具有足够准确性和分辨率的生物地球化学检测和归属的双重挑战。我们提出了一个暑期班，以促进分析技术(反向和同化模拟)和观测系统设计的发展。暑期班将包括来自广泛和杰出的科学家小组的讲座，内容包括生物地球化学循环、当前和计划的测量能力、过程和数据分析建模以及应用数学的新方法。它将以动手模拟演习为中心。对全球陆地和海洋通量的估计将从现有的数据和模型中产生，结合起来产生具有合理的时空变异性的通量场。它们将使用大气传输模型在全球模拟大气中分布，该模型以最大可实现的分辨率运行，以产生浓度的4-D数据集。参赛者将组成竞争小组，重建地表通量。每支球队将选择一种测量策略，并通过询问裁判获得与该策略对应的数据。每项测量都将有一个价格，每个团队都将有相同的美元预算来资助其观测项目。每个团队都将有权使用相同的模型。NCAR正在使用NASA DAO模式在同化模式下开发一个伴随碳模式。该模型将供学员在网络设计中使用，并演示数据同化在生物地球化学中的概念和应用。团队可以选择任何他们想要的策略来估计真实的流量。讲习班的结论将总结在一份报告和一系列文章中，内容涉及1)练习的设计和观测系统设计的影响，2)生物地球化学循环研究的数据同化方法的审查，3)在教学中使用模拟练习的可能性。在研讨会之后的一年，我们将提供假数据库和分析工具，并对其进行改进，以更好地满足生物地球化学研究界的研究需要。

ABSTRACTGlobal biogeochemical research must increasingly address the problems of "detection" or quantification of changing fluxes to the atmosphere, and "attribution" or explanation of those fluxes in terms of specific mechanisms. Today, neither our measurement nor analysis capabilities are sufficient to meet the twin challenges of biogeochemical detection and attribution with sufficient accuracy and resolution. We propose a summer school to advance both analysis techniques (inverse and assimilation modeling) and observing system design. The Summer School will involves lectures from a broad and distinguished group of scientists on the biogeochemical cycles, current and planned measurement capability, process and data analytical modeling, and new approaches in applied math. It will have as its centerpiece a hands-on simulation exercise. Estimates of global terrestrial and oceanic fluxes will be produced from existing data and models, combined to produce flux fields with reasonable time-space variability. They will be distributed in a global simulated atmosphere using an atmospheric transport model, run at the maximum achievable resolution to produce a 4-D data set of concentrations. The participants will form competing teams to reconstruct surface fluxes. Each team will choose a measurement strategy and obtain data corresponding to that strategy by querying a referee. Each measurement will have a price and each team will have an identical budget in dollars to fund its observing program. Each team will have access to the same models. An adjoint carbon model is being developed at NCAR using the NASA DAO model in assimilation mode. The model will be available for the participants to use in network design, and to demonstrate concepts and application of data assimilation in biogeochemistry. The teams may choose any strategy they wish to estimate the real fluxes. The conclusions from the workshop will be summarized in a report and a series of articles on 1) design of the exercise and implications for observing system design, 2) a review of data assimilation approaches for biogeochemical cycle research, 3) possibilities for use of the simulation exercise in education. In the year following the workshop, we will make the psuedodata bases and analysis tools available and improve them to better meet the research needs of the biogeochemical research community.