Organization and Operation of a Workshop for Establishing the US Science Plan for the ANDRILL Project

该奖项由国家科学基金会极地计划办公室提供，为美国南极地质钻探研究规划研讨会提供支持。自1973年以来的28年间，在麦克默多海湾地区的10个南半球夏季期间，成功地进行了地质钻探，以回收岩心进行科学调查。海冰已成功地用作该地区七个钻孔的钻井平台。在这些项目中获得的经验构成了开发新的钻井技术以推进这一方法的基础。ANDRILL(南极钻探)项目考虑未来在海冰、冰架和陆地平台上进行钻探，这些平台都在其“麦克默多声纳组合”中。该奖项提供资金，用于组织和运营一个研讨会，为ANDRILL倡议的McMurdo Sound投资组合制定美国科学计划。它已经在美国南极科学界以及其他地方向普通美国地球科学界进行了广泛的宣传，并将向所有感兴趣的个人开放。研讨会的目的是将科学家聚集在一起：(1)讨论和完善麦克默多声纳项目组合的科学目标和目的；(2)向美国科学界通报ANDRILL过去和计划的活动；(3)为南极洲新接触新生代地球科学的科学家提供传播信息的工具；(4)为美国ANDRILL项目的结构、资金类型和运作模式制定一个美国社区同意的计划；以及(5)准备一份报告，总结美国科学家对这一计划的兴趣和潜在贡献，并提供科学家如何参与该计划的指导方针。ANDRILL是一个国际联盟，目标是恢复地层岩心记录，用于解释南极过去5000万年来的气候、冰川和地质历史，并以不同的年龄分辨率(0.1至100 K.Y.)。了解南极洲过去冰量变化的历史和该区域相关的物理变化，对于正确评估全球气候系统和冰盖与海洋、大气和生物圈的相互作用至关重要。ANDRILL将分三个阶段进行：地球物理和现场调查(2001-2004年)、钻探和岩心恢复(2003-2007年)、气候和冰川模拟以及将恢复的数据纳入全球气候变化记录(2005-2009年)。在过去的4000万年里，南极冰盖在调节全球气候和海平面方面发挥了关键作用。气候变暖预计将在极地地区最为明显；到本世纪末，南极温度可能会上升到数百万年来未曾达到的水平。因此，我们必须了解南极冰盖过去对气候变化的反应，以便为预测未来的模型提供约束。ANDRILL目前计划在新港、无风湾、麦凯海谷和南部麦克默多冰架等地区进行“麦克默多音响组合”下的四季钻探。该组合提出了十多个单独的钻探目标，需要不同的钻探设备和策略。这些目标中的大多数都有几个共同的要求，包括在数百米(1000米)的水中钻井，以及从海底到1000米深的连续岩心的开采。通过后续的投资组合，ANDRILL和这个新的钻井系统的寿命可能会持续到2020年。对这种规模的项目的支持必须来自几个国家的捐款。到目前为止，ANDRILL国际联盟的成员包括美国、英国、新西兰、意大利和德国，它邀请任何感兴趣的国家加入。与罗伯茨角项目(CRP)类似，由不同研究科学家、博士后科学家、研究生和本科生组成的团队的密切互动将为教育和现场培训提供极好的机会。REU的任命将针对地球科学中代表性不足的群体。ANDRILL计划通过成员国倡议和ANDRILL赞助的外联和教育，提供直接的现场和远程学习机会，从而将教育和外联部分扩大到CRP之外。一个“冰上”科学家小组将准备岩芯，并提供初步描述和表征。样品将被运往“冰外”科学家，在两个科学研讨会中的第一个轮流在成员国本国学术机构举办的研讨会上研究和展示结果。在发表初步成果之后，将在主要科学期刊和专业会议上介绍成果。

This award, provided by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation, provides support for a US research-planning workshop for Antarctic geological drilling. Geological drilling to recover core for scientific investigations was successfully conducted in the McMurdo Sound Region during 10 austral summers over a 28-year period since 1973. The sea-ice has been used successfully as a drilling platform for seven drill-holes in this area. Experience gained during these projects forms the basis for developing new drilling technology to advance this approach. The ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing) Project considers future drilling from sea-ice, ice shelf and land platforms within its "McMurdo Sound Portfolio". This award provides funds for organizing and operating a workshop to develop the US science plan for the McMurdo Sound Portfolio of the ANDRILL Initiative. It has been advertised widely across the US Antarctic science community as well as beyond, to the general US geoscience community, and it will be open to all interested individuals. The aim of the workshop is to bring together scientists to: (1) discuss and refine the scientific goals and objectives of the McMurdo Sound Portfolio; (2) to inform the US science community of past and planned ANDRILL activities; (3) provide a vehicle for the distribution of information to scientists new to Cenozoic geoscience in Antarctica; (4) devise a plan agreeable to the US community for the structure of the US ANDRILL program, its style of funding and mode of operation; and (5) prepare a report that will summarize the interest and potential contributions of US scientists to this program, and provide guidelines as to how scientists can participate in the program.ANDRILL is an international consortium with objectives to recover stratigraphic core records for use in interpreting Antarctica's past climatic, glacial, and geological history over the past 50 million years and at varying scales of age resolution (0.1 to 100 k.y.). Understanding the past history of ice volume variation in Antarctica and associated physical changes in this region is critical to proper assessment of the global climate system and interaction of ice sheets with the ocean, atmosphere and biosphere. ANDRILL will proceed in three phases: geophysical and site surveys (2001-2004), drilling and core recovery (2003-2007), and climate and glacial modeling and integration of recovered data into global records of climate change (2005-2009). For the past 40 million years the Antarctic Ice Sheet has played a critical role in regulating global climate and sea level. Climatic warming is expected to be most pronounced in polar regions; Antarctic temperatures may rise by the end of the century to levels that have not been achieved for several million years. It is therefore vital that we understand the past response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climatic change in order to provide constraints on models that predict the future. ANDRILL currently plans 4 seasons of drilling under the "McMurdo Sound Portfolio", in the regions of New Harbor, Windless Bight, Mackay Sea Valley, and on the Southern McMurdo Ice Shelf. This Portfolio proposes more than ten individual drilling targets that will require varied drilling equipment and strategies. Most of these targets have several common requirements, including drilling through hundreds of meters of water (up to 1000 m), and recovering continuous core starting from the sea-floor to depths of as much as 1000 m. Through subsequent Portfolios, the life of ANDRILL and this new drilling system will likely continue towards the year 2020. Support for programs of this scale must come from contributions of several nations. To date, the ANDRILL International Consortium includes as member nations the USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy and Germany, and it invites membership from any interested nation. Similar to the Cape Roberts Project (CRP), close interaction of a diverse team of research scientists, postdoctoral scientists, graduate and undergraduate students will provide excellent opportunities for education and on-site training. REU appointments will target underrepresented groups in the geosciences. ANDRILL plans to expand the educational and outreach component beyond that of CRP by direct on-site and remote learning opportunities through member-nation initiatives and ANDRILL sponsored outreach and education. An "on-ice" team of scientists would prepare the core and provide initial description and characterization. Samples would be shipped to "off-ice" scientists to study and present results at the first of two science workshops to be hosted at member-nations home academic institutions on a rotating basis. Publication of initial results would be followed by presentation of results in major scientific journals and at professional meetings.