Collaborative Research - Investigation of an Ancient Industrial Landscape in Western Rough Cilicia

Rough Cilicia考古项目正在调查Rough Cilicia（土耳其南部沿海地区）作为古罗马地中海经济生产中心的作用。在周边地区，如古代粗奇里乞亚，本土采用进口经济生产方式的证据提供了一个独特的机会，通过当地社会的透镜来观察帝国世界体系的发展。除了我们依靠后殖民经济理论来阐明该地区资源生产的可能模式外，我们的调查方法还包括卫星图像遥感;表面，地貌和海洋调查;木材鉴定陶瓷生产残留物的木炭分析;以及沉积物中保存的区域陆地植被的地球化学分析。迄今为止的工作已经确定了与奇利西亚山区森林木材可再生资源有关的经济生产活动的关键指标。为了更好地解决这个问题，该项目正在研究Bckici河流域（现在的土耳其Gazipasha）作为一个古老的工业发展区。多阶段的考古实地考察包括行人调查沿着和详细的建筑记录，旨在获得有关建筑特征的分布、规模和风格的信息，以及有关土地使用强度的信息。地貌调查量化了森林砍伐对Bickici盆地沉积物沉积的规模、速率和时间的影响，同时确定了沉积区域，以进行孢粉学、木炭和木质素分析。从沉积物，地形和水深数据采集沿沿着河谷，该小组正在构建水力，沉积和土壤侵蚀模型，能够模拟在这个分水岭的历史变化，由于森林砍伐和/或农业使用和遗弃。通过地质岩心取样，项目合作者正在获得能够识别考古木材和木炭的木质和叶组织残留物的显微镜样品。例如，在沉积物中发现的来自草、木本被子植物和裸子植物的组织残留物，利用地球化学测试来区分木质素的化学形式及其化学残留物的稳定碳同位素组成。该小组还通过磁力计检查、螺旋钻取样和在Bickici窑遗址收集陶瓷来获得古代木炭残留物的样本。通过实验室分析，该团队正在将这些样本与来自土耳其船只遗骸和考古遗址的木材进行匹配，以确定古代使用的树木类型及其原产地。沿着孢粉学、宏观植物学和碳-14分析，这些策略使研究小组能够获得关于西里西亚森林砍伐的形式、规模和持续时间的更精确的数据。与此同时，水下调查正在通过检查沿海平台和浅大陆架的造船和海事设施遗迹来探索古代西里西亚海洋活动的潜力。通过结合这些不同的方法和技术，研究计划有可能确定在罗马时代在西部粗糙西里西亚采用的生产和经济一体化的突出模式，从而实现了对当地社区和外部帝国联合收割机努力开发区域资源基础时发生的经济嬗变的更好理解。

The Rough Cilicia Archaeological Project is investigating the role of Rough Cilicia (south coastal Turkey) as a production center for the ancient Roman Mediterranean economy. In peripheral areas such as ancient Rough Cilicia, evidence of native adoption of imported modes of economic production furnish a unique opportunity to view the development of an imperial world system through the lens of local societies. Apart from our reliance on post-colonial economic theory to articulate a likely mode of resource production for the region, our investigative methods include remote sensing of satellite imagery; surface, geomorphological, and maritime survey; charcoal analysis of ceramic production residue for timber identification; and biogeochemical analysis of regional terrestrial vegetation preserved in sediments. Work to date has identified crucial indicators of economic production activities associated with the renewable resource of timber from Cilician mountain forests. To refine this question, the project is examining the basin of the Bckici River (modern Gazipasha, Turkey) as a zone of ancient industrial development. The multi-phased archaeological fieldwork includes pedestrian survey along with detailed architectural documentation, designed to yield information on the distribution, scale and style of architectural features as well as information on land-use intensity through time. The geomorphological survey is quantifying the effects of deforestation on the magnitude, the rates, and the timing of sediment deposition in the Bickici basin, while at the same time identifying areas of deposition for palynological, charcoal, and lignin analysis. From sediment, topographic, and bathymetric data acquired along the river valley, the team is constructing hydraulic, sedimentation, and soil erosion models capable of simulating historic changes in this watershed as a result of deforestation and/or agricultural use and abandonment. Through geological core-sampling, project collaborators are obtaining microscopic samples of woody and foliar tissue residues capable of identifying archaeological woods and charcoals. Tissues residues from grasses, woody angiosperms and gymnosperms found in sediments, for example, are differentiated using geochemical tests to distinguish among chemical forms of lignin and the stable carbon isotope composition of its chemical residues. The team is also obtaining samples of ancient charcoal residues through magnetometer inspection, auger sampling, and ceramic collection at the Bickici kiln site. Through laboratory analysis the team is matching these samples against wood from ship remains and archaeological sites in Turkey to identify the types of trees used in antiquity and their areas of origination. Along with palynological, macrobotanical, and Carbon-14 analysis, these strategies are enabling the team to obtain more precise data for the form, scale, and duration of Cilician deforestation. Simultaneously, the underwater survey is exploring the potential for ancient Cilician marine activity by examining the coastal platform and shallow continental shelf for remains of shipbuilding and maritime facilities. By combining these various methodologies and technologies, the research program holds the potential to identify salient modes of production and economic integration employed in western Rough Cilicia during the Roman era, thereby achieving a greater understanding of the economic transmutations that occur when native communities and external empires combine efforts to exploit a regional resource base.