Perceiver Pessimism and the Dispositional Inference Process

本研究旨在探讨知觉者对未来事件的长期与暂时、正面与负面的预期对社会判断与评价的影响。这项研究计划依赖于社会推理过程的多阶段模型，以梳理这种影响发生的方向和阶段。特别感兴趣的是潜在的逆转感知者的典型的期望一致的偏见，他们的看法和能力推断另一个的性能结果。 这项工作应该产生信息的必要条件和充分条件的感知者的期望相关的偏见，以及其背后的机制。 这些结果很可能表明，推理过程的某些部分比以前认为的更灵活、更复杂。这项工作还应该对与感知者悲观主义相关的社会和人类潜在成本的工作产生重要影响。 在某种程度上，评估者在各种环境中（例如，学校、工作）有多种任务要求和角色相关的压力源，占据了他们可用的认知资源，他们激活的期望很可能会使他们对他人的判断产生偏差。这种有偏见的评价对目标个人和社会都可能造成巨大的代价。本研究的结果，那么，应该有助于发展有效的去偏见干预的几个更有害的和普遍的影响知觉悲观。

This project examines the impact of perceivers' chronic and temporary, positive and negative future-event expectancies on social judgments and evaluations. This program of research relies on multi-stage models of the social inference process to tease apart the direction of and stage at which such effects occur. Of particular interest is the potential reversal of perceivers' typical expectancy-consistent biases on their perceptions of and ability inferences for another's performance outcomes. This work should yield information about the necessary and sufficient conditions for such reversals of perceivers' expectancy-related biases, as well as the mechanisms underlying them. The results might well suggest that parts of the inference process are more flexible and more complex than previously thought. This work also should have important implications for work on the social and human potential costs associated with perceiver pessimism. To the degree that evaluators in a variety of settings (e.g., school, work) have multiple task demands and role-related stressors that occupy their available cognitive resources, their activated expectancies may well bias their judgments of others. The costs of such biased evaluations are potentially enormous, both for the target individual and for society. The results of this research, then, should aid in the development of effective de-biasing interventions for several of the more deleterious and pervasive effects of perceiver pessimism.