Tracers of Biological Productivity and Gas Exchange

海洋表面的碳输出是控制大气中二氧化碳分压（pCO2）的过程之一，它对地球的气候有很大的影响。冰川时间尺度上大气二氧化碳分压的变化通常被解释为对海洋生物碳泵变化的响应。碳泵模型受限于我们对海洋不同区域碳泵控制机制的理解。卫星彩色图像对确定全球生物泵有很大的希望，但前提是这些图像可以通过实地测量得到证实。迄今为止，这种校准只在海洋中的四个地方实现：长期时间序列位置和赤道部分地区。在这个项目中，华盛顿大学的研究人员将开发实验方法来提高我们对海洋的认识。S生物碳泵。这个研究项目是双重的。首先，他们将在HOT的新系泊处部署四个氧气传感器和一个GTD，以测量光区的O2分布和表面N2浓度。他们认为，这将足以确定净生物产氧量。将测试两种原位校准氧传感器的方法。这项研究将开发方法来确定海洋中其他地点系泊处的氧质量平衡（从而确定生物碳泵）。该项目的第二个方面，也是小得多的方面，建立在研究团队测定海水中N2、Ar和Ne的分析能力之上。他们将在南大洋的德雷克海峡进行几次短途航行，研究这些气体的浓度与风速的关系。目标是建立气泡通量和风速之间的关系。这些知识可用于在无法测量这些气体的地方描述气泡过程的特征，并利用海洋学表面海洋氧浓度改进对海洋生物产生的氧通量的估计。这一提议的更广泛影响包括对社会的好处，这将源于对海洋生物泵的充分了解，从而将其纳入用于预测未来气候的海洋-大气模型。该提案还促进了将参与该项目的研究生的教育。

ABSTRACTOCE-0242139The export of carbon from the surface of the ocean is one of the processes controlling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) of the atmosphere, which greatly influences the climate of the Earth. Changes in atmospheric pCO2 over glacial time scales are often interpreted as a response to changes in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Models of the carbon pump are limited by our understanding of mechanisms that control it in different areas of the ocean. Satellite color images hold great promise for determining the biological pump globally, but only if the images can be ground truthed by field measurements. To date this calibration has been achieved in only four places in the ocean: the long-term time series locations and parts of the Equator. In this project, researchers at the University of Washington will develop experimental methods of improving our knowledge of the ocean.s biological carbon pump. The research program is twofold. First they will deploy four oxygen sensors and a GTD on the new mooring at HOT to measure a profile of O2 in the euphotic zone and the surface concentrations of N2. They believe that this will be sufficient to determine the net biological oxygen production. Two methods will be tested for calibrating the oxygen sensors in situ. This research will develop methods to determine the oxygen mass balance (and hence biological carbon pump) on moorings at other locations in the ocean.The second, and much smaller, aspect of the project builds on the research team's analytical ability to determine N2, Ar and Ne in seawater. They will conduct a field program to study the concentrations of these gases as a function of wind speed on several short cruises in the Drake Passage of the Southern Ocean. The goal is to develop a correlation between bubble flux and wind speed. This knowledge could be used to characterize the bubble process in locations where it is not possible to measure these gases and to improve estimates of the biologically produced oxygen flux from the ocean using climatological surface ocean oxygen concentrations.Broader impacts of this proposal include the benefits to society that will result from understanding the marine biological pump well enough to incorporate it into ocean-atmosphere models that will be used to predict future climate. The proposal also promotes education of a graduate student who will work on the project.