Phylogeny and Classification of World Hydropsychidae, with a Revision of Chinese Species and Description of Their Larvae

水虱科是毛翅目石蛾科中种类最多的科之一，分布于世界各地，共有52属1462种。 虽然东方地区是世界上最未开发的地区之一，但约有三分之一的已描述的石蛾物种发生在那里。 水虱是亚洲溪流中最常见的石蛾。 作为捕食者和收集过滤者，幼虫水心理是溪流生态系统中营养物质处理的关键组成部分，它们控制着这些生态系统中许多猎物，宿主和捕食者物种的密度。 该科物种的幼虫作为生物监测工作的对象非常重要，因为它们对污染的容忍度比几乎所有其他水生昆虫科都要大，而且除了污染最严重的溪流外，它们都出现在所有底栖生物的样本中。 水质差是东南亚一个非常严重的问题。我们将整理中国水虱科的分类，回顾已知的动物区系，描述许多等待描述的物种和那些将在探险中捕获的物种。 重要的是能够识别（关联）幼虫，因为未成熟阶段是暴露于污染的阶段。 我们将联想和描述中国水虱幼虫。 我们将推断世界属之间的关系，并修订科的科组分类。 该项目将主要由三个实验室的一名博士生完成：南京农业大学的Sun Chianghai先生、罗格斯大学的Zhou Xin先生和克莱姆森大学的Christy Jo Geraci女士。 这三个学生将密切合作。 孙先生将回顾已知的中国物种，描述目前手头上的新物种，并描述他将带领中国广东，广西和福建省进行的两次为期30天的考察中捕获的其他新物种。 利用这些考察和协调项目中收集的标本的DNA序列，周先生将把尚未识别的幼虫与可识别的成虫联系起来，并描述相关的幼虫。 Geraci女士将回顾所有世界属以前和新的形态特征。 然后，利用现有标本的DNA序列，以及在澳大利亚、泰国、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、马来西亚、南非和巴西同事的协助下在中国采集的标本的序列，她会推断出世界上水蜥属之间的关系我们希望中国已知的水神经科物种的数量至少翻一番。 通过描述许多水螨类物种的未知幼虫，我们将为未来的生态研究和生物监测在中国和周围的完善奠定基础。 在这个家庭的全球性研究将促进概念上的世界属和由此产生的修订，我们将在这次调查中完成的科群分类群的系统发育。 拟议的研究进展发现和理解，同时培养三个博士学位。科学家，其中两名是中国人，另一名是美国女性。 这项研究建立了罗格斯大学和克莱姆森大学与南京农业大学之间的合作伙伴关系，并延长了克莱姆森与南京之间长达15年的富有成效的合作伙伴关系，这构成了广受尊重的中美合作模式。 研究结果将通过专业出版物和万维网和基因库等公共媒体广泛传播。 特别值得注意的是，美国发起的技术将扩展到迅速恶化的全球水污染问题：这项研究的结果将大大有助于对中国的水污染问题进行有效的生物监测，并改善对分布在全球（包括美国）的污染敏感动物群体的了解。

With 1462 species in 52 genera, the cosmopolitan family Hydropsychidae is one of the most-speciose families of caddisflies (Trichoptera). Although the Oriental Region is one of the world's most unexplored, about one-third of all described caddisfly species occur there. Hydropsychids are the most commonly encountered caddisflies in Asian streams. In their role as predators and collecting-filterers, larval hydropsychids are key components for the processing of nutrients in stream ecosystems and they govern the densities of many prey, host, and predator species in those ecosystems. Larvae of species in the family are very important as subjects of biomonitoring efforts because they display a wider range of tolerances for pollution than almost every other family of aquatic insects and occur in samples of benthic organisms from all but the most polluted streams. Poor water quality is a very serious problem in Southeast Asia. We will organize the classification of the Hydropsychidae of China, reviewing the known fauna and describing the many species awaiting description and those to be captured on expeditions. It is important to be able to identify (associate) larvae, because the immature stages are the ones that are exposed to pollution. We will associate and describe larvae of Chinese hydropsychids. We will infer the relationships among world genera and revise the family-group classification of the family. This project will be accomplished primarily by a PhD student in each of three laboratories: Mr. Sun Chianghai at Nanjing Agricultural University, Mr. Zhou Xin at Rutgers University, and Ms. Christy Jo Geraci at Clemson University. These three students will cooperate intensively. Mr. Sun will review known Chinese species, describe the new species currently on hand, and describe additional new species captured during two 30-day expeditions he will lead to Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian Provinces in China. Using DNA sequences from specimens collected on these expeditions and coordinated projects, Mr. Zhou will associate yet-unidentifiable larvae with identifiable adults and describe the associated larvae. Ms. Geraci will review previous and new morphological characters of all world genera. Then, using DNA sequences from specimens already in hand, together with sequences of specimens collected in China and obtained with assistance of colleagues in Australia, Thailand, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Malaysia, South Africa, and Brazil, she will infer relationships among world hydropsychid genera (on which classification is based) from combined-data.We expect at least to double the number of species of hydropsychids in China known to science. By describing the yet-unknown larvae of many hydropsychid species, we will lay the foundation for future ecological research and biomonitoring refinement in and around China. Research globally in this family will be facilitated conceptually by the phylogeny of world genera and resulting revision of family-group taxa that we will accomplish in this investigation. The proposed research advances discovery and understanding while training three Ph.D. scientists, two of whom are Chinese, the other a U.S. female. The research establishes partnerships between Rutgers and Clemson Universities and Nanjing Agricultural Universities and extends a highly productive 15-year partnership between Clemson and Nanjing that constitutes a widely respected model of Sino-American cooperation. Results will be disseminated broadly through professional publications and public media such as the World Wide Web and GenBank. Especially notable will be the extension of US-initiated technology to a rapidly deteriorating global problem of water pollution: results of this research will go a long way toward enabling effective biomonitoring of water pollution problems in China and refining understanding of a pollution-sensitive group of animals distributed globally, including the U.S.