Doctoral Dissertation Research: Legalities of Exception: Cotton and Criminality in Colonial Egypt (1882-1922)

本研究主要研究英国殖民统治时期（1882-1922）的刑事殖民法，并探讨其在埃及殖民国家形成中的作用。本研究分析了两套刑事司法改革。第一次改革，是专门针对大庄园农民的棉花生产管理的。第二个法律的改革是重组刑事司法系统，并针对广大埃及人民界定和惩罚不服从殖民秩序的行为。 这项研究的论点是，殖民刑法，现代法律中的一个模型，是基于例外，并针对调节什么殖民地国家定义为危险和经济上非生产性的活动的多重法律组成。本研究从理论上阐述了法律的“普遍”“人道”性质与法律中的例外合法性之间的关系。为了考虑这些论点，本研究讨论了在棉花种植园工作的农民的犯罪化问题。在埃及档案中，研究审查了刑事审判记录，并对英国殖民统治期间引入刑事司法系统的新罪行和新逻辑进行了分类。研究还审查了代表中央政府监督农村地区农民工作的监察员的记录。此外，这项研究还研究了警方报告，以更多地了解国家在农村地区的一般活动。 在伦敦的公共记录办公室，研究审查了关于埃及刑事司法系统改革的殖民委员会报告和英国行政信件。这些数据揭示了英国官员对改革建议的普遍争论。他们还揭示了他们试图强加他们所定义的人道“秩序”，以及在这一过程中使用的机制。 这项研究有助于我们了解殖民刑法的性质和运作，这是一个尚未得到足够重视的问题。它还有助于一个经验性的历史案例研究，越来越多的文献非常合法性。 这项研究通过研究一个历史案例，将为当代关于“人权”主题的辩论提供信息，具有更广泛的影响。"

This research studies criminal colonial law during British colonial rule in Egypt (1882-1922) and considers its role in the formation of the Egyptian colonial state. The research analyzes two sets of criminal justice reform. The first reform is one that was directed specifically at managing the production of cotton among the peasant population in large estates. The second legal reform is one that reorganized the criminal justice system and was directed toward the Egyptian population at large to define and punish actions disobedient of the colonial order. The contention of this research is that colonial criminal law, a model within the modern law, is based on exceptions and composed of multiple legalities directed at regulating what the colonial state defines as dangerous and economically unproductive activities. The research theorizes a relationship between the "universal" "humane" character of the law and the exceptional legalities within it. To consider these arguments, the research addresses the criminalization of peasants working in cotton estates. In the Egyptian archives, the research examines criminal trial records and classifies the new crimes, and the novel logics, introduced into the criminal justice system during British colonial rule. The research also examines the records of the inspectors who monitored, on behalf of the central government, the work of the peasants in rural areas. Additionally, the research looks at police reports to learn more about the general activities of the state in rural areas. In the Public Record Office in London, the research examines colonial commission reports and British administrative correspondence on the reforms in the Egyptian criminal justice system. These reveal the debates prevalent among British officials over the suggested reforms. They also reveal their attempts to impose what they defined as humane "order," and the mechanisms used in the process. This research contributes to our understanding of the nature and workings of colonial criminal law, a subject that has yet to receive sufficient attention. It also contributes an empirical historical case study to the growing body of literature on exceptional legalities. This research possesses broader impacts by studying a historical case that will inform contemporary debates on the subject of "human rights."