Times Series Particle Flux Measurements in the Sargasso Sea

我们目前对当今海洋/气候相互作用的理解主要是基于长期研究工作中收集的数据。长期研究对我们了解海洋如何运作的贡献是多方面和深远的。自1978年以来，在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所科学家的指导下，海洋通量计划（OFP）一直在持续测量马尾藻海深处的粒子通量。到目前为止，25年的OFP时间序列是同类中最长的，并且在其对深海的关注方面是独特的。海洋渔业方案制作了一份独特的，尽管是“编辑过的”，关于“生物泵”时间变化的记录，“生物泵”一词在这里不严格地适用于上层海洋生物/物理过程造成的物质从表层转移到深海。OFP为深海季节性和深海通量与上层海洋过程之间的紧密耦合提供了第一个直接证据。 它提供了明确的证据，表明特别是在中层沃茨，下沉通量的生物再加工和悬浮物质的清除的强度。这些记录记录了流向深海的物质通量的年际和较长时间的变化，以及中尺度物理变率和天气气象强迫之间相互作用驱动的短期波动。时间序列现在变得足够长，我们可以开始从多年流域尺度气候变化的角度研究这种变异性，这种气候变化改变了海洋的功能，例如北大西洋涛动，本项目将继续为这一独特的基本海洋学时间序列提供资金。随着记录越来越长，科学界将能够更好地从气候和海洋功能之间的相互作用的角度来看待观察到的波动。在百慕大时间序列站点同时进行的三项协调和互补的研究-海洋渔业方案、百慕大大西洋时间序列和百慕大试验台系泊-以及新的海洋技术，现在提供了一个前所未有的机会，可以详细研究海洋物理、生物和化学以及物质通量之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用又如何与大气和气候作用力联系起来。

ABSTRACTOCE-0325627Our current understanding of present-day ocean/climate interactions is based largely upon data collected as part of long-term research efforts. The contributions of long-term studies to our knowledge of how the ocean works are numerous and far-reaching. Yet, such studies are exceedingly rare- especially those with a biogeochemical focus.Since 1978, the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP), under the direction of scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, has continuously measured particle fluxes in the deep Sargasso Sea. The 25-year OFP time-series is, by far, the longest of its kind and unique in its focus on the deep ocean. OFP has produced a unique, albeit "edited", record of temporal variability in the "biological pump", a term loosely applied here to material transfer from the surface to the deep ocean which results from upper ocean biological/physical processes. The OFP provided the first direct evidence for seasonality in the deep ocean and the tight coupling between deep fluxes and upper ocean processes. It has provided clear evidence of the intensity of biological reprocessing of sinking flux and scavenging of suspended material, especially in mesopelagic waters. The record has documented interannual and longer variations in material fluxes to the deep ocean and shorter-term fluctuations driven by the interactions between mesoscale physical variability and synoptic meteorological forcing. The time-series is now becoming long enough that we can begin to study this variability in terms of multiyear basin-scale climatic variations, which alter ocean functioning, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation.This project will continue the funding for this unique and fundamental oceanographic time-series. As the record gets longer, the scientific community will better able to put into perspective the observed fluctuations in terms of the interplay between climate and ocean functioning. The concurrence of three coordinated and complementary research at the Bermuda time-series site -- the OFP, the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series (BATS) and the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) -- and new ocean technology now presents an unprecedented opportunity to study the details of the coupled interactions among ocean physics, biology and chemistry and material fluxes, and how these in turn are linked to atmospheric and climatic forcing.