A Laboratory Study of Wave-Affected Turbulence in a Flexible Canopy: Transport in a Giant Kelp Forest

摘要提案编号： CTS-0335346主要供应商：JEQUREY R. KOSEFFINSTITUTION： 斯坦福大学巨藻林中波浪影响湍流的实验室研究目的是研究与海洋巨藻林丰富的生态系统环境相关的流体动力学和输运。 在这些系统中，流体动力学支配着大型藻类的营养供应，无脊椎动物的食物颗粒，海带森林群落对溶解气体、营养物质和有机碳的吸收，海带群落内浮游孢子的传播，以及它们在沿海地区的定居。 这项研究将增加一个正在进行的现场计划，一套急需的实验室实验，重点是在现场不能充分解决的问题。将采用各种光学诊断技术来研究波浪和水流存在下的海带森林模型中的流场。这些技术将允许直接测量速度和标量通量，从而能够表征混合过程，调查流动的空间变异性，并检查混合率和湍流强度对海带森林结构的依赖性。 这种流动配置提供了一个很好的机会，不仅了解海带冠层如何影响的动量和能量从波到水柱中的湍流转移，但也进一步探索波底边界的相互作用中存在的关节粗糙度元素，这可能会产生在水柱本身的湍流。 该项目将在涉及流体力学和物理海洋学的跨学科研究项目中为学生提供研究培训。研究人员将继续通过斯坦福大学的REU项目让本科生参与研究的做法，该项目成功地招募了来自不同专业和代表性不足的群体的不同学生参与研究。 该研究计划将通过进一步开发研究波浪流的实验室设施来加强研究基础设施;并通过使用这些设施在流体力学和物理海洋学课程中进行动手实验来加强教育。 研究人员已经与媒体和科学作家合作，向公众传达研究发现，并计划继续开展此类推广活动。

ABSTRACTPROPOSAL NO.: CTS-0335346PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: JEFFREY R. KOSEFFINSTITUTION: STANFORD UNIVERSITYA LABORATORY STUDY OF WAVE-AFFECTED TURBULENCE IN A GIANT KELP FORESTThe objectives are to study fluid dynamics and transport associated with the rich ecosytstem environment of kelp forests in the ocean. Within these systems, hydrodynamics govern nutrient availability to macro algae, the delivery of food particles to invertebrates, the uptake of dissolved gases, nutrients and organic carbon by the kelp forest community, the dispersal of planktonic spores within the kelp communities, and their settlement in the coastal zone. This study will augment an ongoing field program with a set of critically needed laboratory experiments focusing on problems that cannot be adequately resolved in the field. A variety of optical diagnostic techniques will be employed to investigate the flow field in a model kelp forest in the presence of waves and current. These techniques will allow direct measurement of velocities and scalar fluxes, enabling characterization of mixing processes, investigation of the spatial variability of the flow and examination of the dependence of mixing rates and turbulence intensity on kelp forest structure. This flow configuration presents an excellent opportunity to not only understand how kelp canopies affect the momentum and energy transfer from waves into turbulence in the water column, but also to further explore wave-bottom boundary interactions in the presence of articulating roughness elements which potentially generate turbulence in the water column itself. The project will provide research training for students in an interdisciplinary research project involving fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. The investigators will continue their practice of involving undergraduates in the research through Stanford's REU program, which has been successful in recruiting diverse students from different majors and underrepresented groups to participate in research. This research program will enhance the infrastructure for research, by further developing the laboratory facility for studying wavy flows; and for education, by using these facilities for hands-on experimentation in classes in fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. The investigators already work with the media and science writers to convey research discoveries to the public, and plan to continue such outreach activities.