NNIN: National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network

国家纳米技术基础设施网络（NNIN）国家纳米技术基础设施网络（NNIN）是由13个机构（康奈尔大学、佐治亚理工学院、哈佛大学、霍华德大学、北卡罗莱纳州立大学（附属）、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、斯坦福大学、加州大学圣巴巴拉分校、密歇根大学、明尼苏达大学、新墨西哥大学、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校、加州大学圣巴巴拉分校）组成的伙伴关系。它提供多方面的、跨学科的、可广泛访问的基础设施，支持国家纳米技术计划中确定的短期和长期需求。合作设施是开放的实验室，为外部用户提供卓越的服务，全面的培训和员工支持，支持跨学科和新兴研究领域，对新材料、新技术和新应用开放。该网络支持的一些关键科学、教育和社会需求包括：通过整合知识和协调大量不同类型的图案和处理步骤，轻松实现纳米技术实验；通过强大的技术支持，通过软件和硬件资源支持先进和强大的建模和仿真，通过面对面和基于网络的互动进行技术转让和新技术的共享，为将成为纳米技术领导者的新用户提供教育和技术培训促进社会科学的研究，使未来的发展产生最大可能的社会效益，以及关注纳米技术的研究、基础设施和影响的社会和伦理研究。跨年龄组和技术兴趣的全国推广，特别努力接触非传统用户和代表性不足的群体。关于纳米技术的安全、环境和健康惠益和风险的积极协调和知识传播，该网络具体提供：该网络为来自学术界、小型和大型工业以及政府的用户提供现场和远程访问，以先进的自上而下的模式和处理、自下而上的合成和自组装、多步骤过程的综合集成能力、硬和软材料的最先进表征、工具和技术的开发，以及支持纳米技术的综合网络和计算基础设施。该网络易于用户访问，能够以低成本高效地开展各种项目：例如，分子尺度的电子接触；功能化纳米管的应用；集成机械、电子、流体和生物系统；高级显微镜；还有很多其他的项目。该网络还开发支持未来研究和纳米制造的工具，包括用于电子、微流体和纳米生物技术的压印和软光刻。网络和计算的基础设施：网络的计算和基于Web的基础设施为组织和分发纳米科学和工程基础上快速增长的知识库提供了集中的资源。它包括工具、加工和合成技术方面的培训；类;讨论组;一本与技术资源和数据库有联系的开放教科书；以及为设计、仿真和建模提供强大计算工具的技术支持。基于网络的基础设施还将我们在教育、外展、社会和伦理研究方面的举措全面联系起来，以便提供全国范围的访问。合作和外部互动：该网络与国家和工业实验室以及国外机构建立联系和广泛合作。通过这些伙伴关系和联合会议和研讨会，我们分享专业知识和观点，提供专业培训机会，协调独特仪器的使用，并转让新开发的技术。教育、人力资源开发、外联、社会和伦理研究的基础设施：教育、人类发展、外联、社会和伦理研究的组成部分在整个网络中被彻底整合。我们的目标是将纳米技术的好处传播到新的学科，培养一支充满活力的先进技术劳动力，并成为所有年龄和教育背景的人的纳米技术教学资源。为实现这些目标，以网络为基础的教育和信息工具以及全面的本地实践活动包括：为高级学生开发超链接的开放教科书，为“从k到灰色”的远程学习开发基于网络的教育和虚拟研究的入门材料，向二年级和四年级的大学推广，为6-10岁的孩子提供科学兴趣的基于网络的杂志（迷你的《科学美国人》/《新科学家》），纳米科学和学校实验室实验的模块化教学包，为本科生和教师提供经验的项目，以及专门针对女性、非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人的项目。该网络还支持基础设施和研究环境，以促进对纳米技术的社会和伦理后果的考虑，包括经济、政治、教育、环境、健康、安全、法律、保障和文化影响。这些领域的学者网络嵌入在NNIN中，通过协调努力促进交流和讨论，开发基于网络的研究和教育资源，通过媒体进行公众宣传，以及技术文件，分析，成绩单和政策建议的在线存档。这项工作的研究方向是探讨纳米技术的伦理、沟通、劳动力变化、工业创新和其他社会影响等问题。

NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK (NNIN)The National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN) is a partnership of 13 institutions (Cornell University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Howard University, North Carolina State University (affiliate), Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of New Mexico, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Washington) that provides multi-faceted, interdisciplinary, and broadly-accessible infrastructure supporting both near-term and long-term needs identified in the National Nanotechnology Initiative. The partnering facilities are open laboratories providing outstanding service to the external user, comprehensive training and staff support, and support of interdisciplinary and emerging areas of research, with openness to new materials, techniques, and applications.Some of the key scientific, educational, and societal needs supported by the network are: Easy implementation of nanotechnology experiments through integration of knowledge and coordination of large numbers of different types of patterning and processing steps, together with the complex tasks of synthesis and assembly at the molecular scaleSpecialized techniques for characterization and metrology at the atomic scale Support of advanced and robust modeling and simulation through software and hardware resources with strong technical supportTechnology transfer and the sharing of new techniques through in-person and web-based interactionsEducation and technical training of new users who will be the leaders in nanotechnology Public education about the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology Promotion of research in the social sciences so that future developments lead to the greatest possible societal benefits, and societal and ethical studies that focus on research, infrastructure, and the impacts of nanotechnology.Nation-wide outreach across age groups and technical interests, with special efforts to reach non-traditional users and under-represented groups.Active coordination and knowledge dissemination on safety, environment and health benefits and risks of nanotechnology Specifically, the network provides: Infrastructure for Research: The network provides on-site and remote access for users, from academia, small and large industry, and government, to advanced top-down patterning and processing and bottom-up synthesis and self-assembly, comprehensive integration capabilities for multi-step processes, state-of-the-art characterization for hard and soft materials, the development of tools and techniques, and a comprehensive web and computation infrastructure in support of nanotechnology. The network has easy user access that enables a diversity of projects efficiently and at low cost: e.g., molecular-scale electronic contacts; use of functionalized nanotubes; integrated mechanical, electronic, fluidic, and bio-systems; advanced types of microscopy; and a large ensemble of other projects. The network also develops tools in support of future research and nano-manufacturing, including imprint and soft-lithography with applications in electronics, microfluidics, and nanobiotechnology. Infrastructure for Network Web and Computation: The network's computation and web-based infrastructure provides a centralized resource for organizing and distributing the rapidly-growing knowledge base at the foundation of nanoscience and engineering. It includes training in tools, processing, and synthesis techniques; classes; discussion groups; an open text-book with links to the technical resources and data-bases; and technical support for robust computational tools for design, simulation, and modeling. The web-based infrastructure also comprehensively links our initiatives in education, outreach, and societal and ethical studies in order to provide nation-wide access.Collaboration and External Interactions: The network employs connections and extensive collaborations with national and industrial laboratories, and with foreign institutions. Through these partnerships and joint meetings and workshops, we share expertise and perspectives, provide specialized training opportunities, coordinate access to unique instrumentation, and transfer newly developed technologies. Infrastructure for Education, Human Resource Development, Outreach, and Societal and Ethical Studies: Education, human development, outreach, and societal and ethical studies components are thoroughly integrated throughout the network. Our goals are to spread the benefits of nanotechnology to new disciplines, to educate a dynamic workforce in advanced technology, and to become a teaching resource in nanotechnology for people of all ages and educational backgrounds. Network-based education and information tools and comprehensive local hands-on activities towards these goals include: development of a hyper-linked Open Textbook for advanced students, web-based education and virtual research with introductory material for "K-to-gray" distance learning, outreach to 2- and 4-year colleges, a web-based magazine (a mini Scientific American/New Scientist) to interest 6-10 year olds in science, modular teaching packages for nanoscience and for laboratory experimentation in schools, experience-providing programs for undergraduates and teachers, and specialized programs for outreach to women, African-Americans, and Hispanics.The network also supports an infrastructure and research environment to promote consideration of the societal and ethical consequences of nanotechnology, covering economic, political, educational, environmental, health, safety, legal, security, and cultural implications. A network of scholars in these fields are embedded within the NNIN, with coordinated efforts to foster exchange and discussion, development of web-based resources for research and education, public outreach through the media, and an online archive of technical documents, analysis, transcripts and policy recommendations. The research orientation of the effort explores issues of ethics, communication, workforce change, industrial innovation, and other social implications of nanotechnology.