Experimental Studies of Fundamental Symmetries

斯托尼布鲁克的纽约州立大学提出的这项研究旨在为自然界基本相互作用中对称性破缺的根本原因提供新的理解。电磁相互作用和弱相互作用，虽然在高能和大爆炸后的最初时刻统一在现象中，但在较低能量下似乎是非常不同的。基本相互作用和物质成分的标准模型建立在这种对称性突破希格斯玻色子的基础上。其中一项研究是寻找希格斯玻色子。另一个研究方向是寻找现象的证据，这些证据将显示标准模型是如何被修改的，并有助于阐明更全面的理论。对称破缺的这些方面将通过D 0（在费米实验室）和ATLAS（在欧洲核子研究中心）实验中的工作来探索。该提案还概述了布鲁克海文国家实验室的KOPIO实验的新参与，旨在测量罕见的中性K介子衰变（中性π介子，中微子和反中微子）。除非在我们的世界和一个粒子被反粒子取代并在镜子中观察的世界之间缺乏对称性（CP对称性），否则这不会发生。观察到偏离标准模型预测的值将表明新的非标准机制在CP破坏中起作用，并有助于理解宇宙中物质和反物质之间不对称性的起源。（a）了解物质是如何构成的，以及自然力如何将物质塑造成无数可观察到的形式，这是一个长期存在的问题，科学家和非科学家都对此产生了共鸣;（B）研究计划提出了一系列问题，通过这些问题，学生和博士后研究员将不仅学会对物质的基本结构进行清晰的测试，而且还需要设计创新的方法和工具来开展这些活动。解决这些问题可以提供我们社会迫切需要的受过严格教育的年轻人;以及（c）该建议包括向更广泛的社区推广的内容。

The proposed research at the State University of New York at Stony Brook aims to provide new understanding of the underlying causes for the symmetry breaking in the fundamental interactions of nature. The electromagnetic and weak interactions, though unified in phenomena at high energies and in the first moments after the Big Bang, appear at lower energies to be quite distinct. The Standard Model of fundamental interactions and constituents of matter builds in this symmetry breaking through the Higgs boson. One strand of the proposed research is the search for the Higgs boson. Another strand of the proposed studies seeks evidence for phenomena that will show how the Standard Model is modified, and help illuminate the more comprehensive theory. These aspects of symmetry breaking will be explored through work in the D0 (at Fermilab) and ATLAS (at CERN) experiments. The proposal also outlines a new participation in the KOPIO experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, aimed at the measurement of a rare neutral kaon decay (to a neutral pion, neutrino and anti-neutrino). This would not occur unless there were a lack of symmetry between our world and one in which particles are replaced by antiparticles and viewed in a mirror (CP symmetry). The observation of a deviation from the value predicted by the Standard Model will signal that new non-standard mechanisms are at play in CP-violation, and should aid in understanding the origin of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe. The broader impact of the research will occur at several levels: (a) Understanding how matter is constructed and how the forces of nature shape it into the myriad observed forms is a long standing question that resonates with scientists and non-scientists alike; (b) The research program poses a set of questions through which students and postdoctoral fellows will learn not only to frame crisp tests of the fundamental construction of matter, but also to devise innovative methods and tools for conducting them. Attacking such problems provides the rigorously educated young people that our society desperately needs; and (c) the proposal includes elements of outreach to the broader community.