Dissertation Research: Components of Parent and Offspring Fitness and Thier Influence on Parental Care Evolution

论文研究：亲代和子代适合度的组成部分及其对亲代关爱进化的影响[摘要]生物在为后代的适合度投入能量和资源时，面临着一种权衡。如果资源获取是有限的，那么增加对后代的投资就会减少对亲本生存的投资，从而降低亲本未来的繁殖成功率。生活史理论认为，资源可以最佳地投资于当前和未来的后代，这样父母一生的繁殖成功率就会最大化。这一最优值预计会随着各种因素而变化，包括父母对未来繁殖的成本以及接受照料前后后代的生殖价值。这项研究清楚地预测了亲代抚育作为一种功能应该如何变化，后代的繁殖价值，然后在旗鱼（佛罗里达科Jordanella flidae）中进行了测试，旗鱼是一种雄性是唯一的抚育提供者的物种。具体来说，该模型在一系列实验中进行了评估，这些实验采用了研究亲代抚育进化的新方法，包括检查不同环境下抚育的成本和收益。更广泛的影响：这项工作将通过提供一个统一的框架，将影响亲代抚育进化的亲代尤其是后代适合度的组成部分联系在一起，从而将一系列想法和实证结果联系在一起。对该提案的支持也将丰富Rebecca Hale和与她一起完成拟议工作的本科生的培训和研究经验。

DISSERTATION RESEARCH:Components of parent and offspring fitness and their influence on parental care evolutionColette St. Mary and Rebecca HaleLAY ABSTRACT Organisms are faced with a tradeoff when investing energy and resources into the fitness of their young. If resource acquisition is limited, then increasing investment into offspring reduces investment into parental survival, thus reducing the parent's future reproductive success. Life history theory argues that resources can be optimally invested into current and future offspring such that the parent's lifetime reproductive success is maximized. This optimum is expected to vary with factors including the parental costs to future reproduction and the reproductive value of offspring before and after receiving care. This study makes clear predictions for how parental care should vary as a function offspring reproductive value and predictions are then tested in the flagfish(Jordanella floridae), a species in which males are the sole care providers. Specifically, the model is evaluated in a series of experiments that employ novel approaches to the study of parental care evolution, including examining care across environments in which both costs and benefits of care vary.Broader impacts: This works will tie together an array of ideas and empirical results by providing a unifying framework that incorporates the components of parental and especially offspring fitness that influence the evolution of parental care. Support of this proposal will also enrich the training and research experiences of Rebecca Hale and undergraduates that work with her to complete the proposed work.