REVSYS: Taxonomic Revisions in the Boletaceae, Fungi

牛肝菌家族的成员(俗称牛肝菌)在世界各地的天然森林中很容易辨认出来。该科包含大约25个属，其中没有一个在全球范围内收到过重要的分类文献。纽约植物园的罗伊·霍林博士和两名博士生在他的指导下，将对四个属进行系统的修订(牛肝菌属、海米藻属、凤眼菌属、垂头菌属)。这四个属似乎在东南亚和澳大利亚拥有最大的多样性，而这两个地区对真菌多样性的探索还很少。因此，霍林和他的学生将在现场与当地学生和教授合作，记录这种多样性、共生关系和分布模式。将对这些收集的蘑菇进行形态和遗传分析，以便更容易地识别这些蘑菇，记录物种多样性，并产生它们之间关系的可靠衡量标准。除了技术出版物外，还将汇编基于网络的信息，以提供正在进行的研究的描述，以及对该群体的系统发育、生物多样性和生态学的综合。还将为研究人员和教育工作者提供图像、文献指南和其他资源。此外，还将有一个可搜索的数据库，提供有关属和种的多样性、有助于识别的特征以及物种之间关系的最新信息。牛肝菌与热带和温带林木的根形成共生关系(称为菌根协会)，在这种共生关系中，牛肝菌促进树木吸收养分，提供一些保护，免受土壤病原体的入侵，并完成生态系统中养分的分解和有机质的循环。因此，它们是维护和健康这些生态系统的关键环节，对于制定森林管理计划、重新造林计划和保护战略至关重要。有些还作为野生食用而备受珍视(它们还没有成功地被种植)。此外，两名学生(一名美国人和一名巴西人)将被培训为真菌学博士，具备未来蘑菇系统学工作的专业知识。

0414665HallingMembers of the porcini mushroom family (commonly called boletes) are easily recognized in natural forests throughout the world. The family contains approximately 25 genera, none of which has received critical taxonomic documentation on a global scale. Dr. Roy Halling, at The New York Botanical Garden, and two Ph.D. students under his guidance, will provide systematic revisions of four genera (Boletellus, Heimiella, Phylloporus, Tylopilus). These four genera appear to have their largest diversity in SE Asia and Australia, areas yet little explored for fungal diversity. Thus, Halling and his students will collaborate onsite with local students and professors to document that diversity, symbiotic associations, and distribution patterns. These collections will be analyzed morphologically and genetically to make it easier to identify these mushrooms, to document the species diversity, and to produce a reliable measure of their relationships to each other. In addition to technical publications, web-based information will be assembled, to provide descriptions of ongoing research, as well as a synthesis of the phylogeny, biodiversity, and ecology of the group. Images, literature guides, and other resources for researchers and educators will also be provided. Furthermore, a searchable database will be available providing up-to-date information on the diversity of genera and species, characters useful in identification, and the relationships among the species. The boletes form symbiotic associations with roots of tropical and temperate forest trees (associations called mycorrhizas), and in this association, the boletes facilitate nutrient uptake for the trees, provide some protection from invasion of soil pathogens, and accomplish nutrient breakdown and recycling of organic matter in the ecosystem. Thus, they are a critical link in maintenance and health of these ecosystems and are crucial for developing forest management plans, reforestation programs, and conservation strategies. Some are also highly prized as wild edibles (they have not successfully been brought into cultivation). In addition, two students (one American and one Brazilian) will be trained as Ph.D. mycologists with expertise for future work in mushroom systematics.