Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Comparing Campaign Strategies for Latinos and non-Latinos in the U.S.

在美国选举中，选民依靠竞选活动提供有关候选人及其问题立场的信息。在候选人可采用的各种广告策略中，电视广告是最常用的。我的研究探讨了政治精英是否采用不同的竞选策略，拉丁裔选民和非拉丁裔选民。作为美国增长最快、规模最大的少数族裔群体，重要的是要确定精英们是否对拉丁裔人使用了不同的策略，相对于盎格鲁人，如果是，政治反响是什么。 我认为，政治精英对拉丁裔和非拉丁裔使用的竞选策略是不同的。 造成这种差异的原因是盎格鲁人和拉丁美洲人之间的社会经济差异，拉丁美洲人在社会经济上比盎格鲁人更弱势。 因此，政治精英将设计易于理解且不需要多少政治知识的竞选信息，例如专注于候选人的西班牙语能力或文化参考。相反，研究表明，英语广告主要集中在候选人的政策立场。 几种方法技术被用来测试的假设。首先，我创建了一个正式的理论模型来解释候选人如何向选民做广告。然后，我将测试从模型中得出的预测。接下来，我使用统计分析来确定西班牙语广告是否更有可能包括非政策信息，相对于英语广告。我继续使用实证方法来确定这些广告是否对拉丁美洲人的投票行为产生影响。 知识价值这个研究项目有助于促进美国竞选和选举领域的知识和理解，因为这种比较分析还有待分析。但由于使这项研究成为可能的数据是在2001年发布的，现在可以进行这项分析。鉴于到2050年拉丁裔将占美国人口的24.5%，确定与非拉丁裔相比，政治精英对他们的行为方式是否存在系统性差异至关重要。 这项研究的影响对拉丁美洲人产生了严重的政治和政策后果。充分参与政治制度的能力。 我们有信心，我们有能力执行这个拟议的项目，因为共同原则的调查员进行了相同的编码过程中使用的广告在西班牙语的比赛。此外，共同原则研究员将在整个项目中监控本科生，并将为可能出现的任何问题或问题提供帮助。 此外，由于研究将在纽约大学政治系进行，因此可以随时获得办公用品、计算机、软件和行政支持。 更广泛的影响这项研究在促进学习和代表少数民族方面具有几个重要的意义。首先，它通过让本科生接触各种有价值的研究技能来鼓励培训和学习。由于该项目将进行12个月的时间，学生将获得深入了解的研究过程。 本研究项目还通过在论文完成后将完成的数据提供给公众使用来加强研究的基础设施。它也将对代表性不足的少数群体产生影响，因为这项研究的重点是美国最大的少数民族群体，拉丁美洲人。 这项研究的结果可能有助于确定精英对拉丁美洲人和非拉丁美洲人的政治行为中存在的任何差异，这可能会激励精英行为的变化，从而提高拉丁美洲人参与美国政治体系的能力。

In U.S. elections, voters rely on campaigns to provide information on candidates and their issue positions. Of the various advertisement strategies available to candidates, television advertisements are the most frequently used. My research examines whether political elites employ different campaign strategies for Latino voters and non-Latino voters. As the fastest- growing and largest minority group in the United States, it is important to determine whether elites are using different strategies towards Latinos, relative to Anglos, and if so, what the political repercussions are. I contend that the campaign strategies used by political elites towards Latinos and non- Latinos differ. The reason for this difference stems from the socioeconomic distinctions between Anglos and Latinos, where Latinos are more socio-economically disadvantaged than Anglos. Thus, political elites will design campaign messages that are easily understood and require little political knowledge, such as focusing on a candidate's ability to speak Spanish or making cultural references. In contrast, research indicates that English-language advertisements primarily focus on candidate's policy positions. Several methodological techniques are used to test the hypothesis. First, I create a formal theoretical model to explain how candidates advertise to voters. I will then test the predictions derived from the model. Next, I use statistical analysis to determine whether Spanish-language advertisements are more likely to include non-policy messages, relative to English-language advertisements. I continue using empirical methods to determine whether these advertisements have an impact on Latino voting behavior. Intellectual Merit This research project helps to advance the knowledge and understanding in the field of American campaigns and elections because this comparative analysis has yet to be analyzed. But since the data that makes this research possible was released in 2001, this analysis can now be conducted. Given that Latinos by 2050 will comprise 24.5% of the U.S. population, determining whether there are systematic differences in the way political elites behave towards them, when compared to non-Latinos, is critical. The implications from this research carry serious political and policy consequences for Latinos. ability to become fully involved in the political system. We are confident in our ability to carry out this proposed project, since the co-principle investigator has conducted the same coding process for advertisements used in Spanish-language races. In addition, the co-principle investigator will monitor the undergraduate students throughout the entire project and will be available for any questions or problems that may arise. Also, since the research will be carried out in the Politics department at NYU, access to office supplies, computers, software, and administrative support will be readily available. Broader Impact The research carries several important implications in the realms of promoting learning and representing ethnic minorities. First, it encourages training and learning by exposing undergraduates to a variety of valuable research skills. And since this project will be carried out for a 12 month period of time, students will gain a deep understanding of the research process. This research project also enhances the infrastructure for research by making the completed data available for public use after the completion of the dissertation. It will also have an impact on underrepresented minority groups since this research focuses on the largest ethnic minority group in the United States, Latinos. The findings from this research may help to identify any discrepancies that exist in elite political behavior towards Latino and non-Latinos, which may motivate change in elite behavior, and therefore increase the ability of Latinos to participate in the U.S. political system.