FOR 1508: Dynamically Adaptable Positioning of Bats Using Embedded Communicating Sensor Systems

高效节能的传感器节点的高效联网是众多不同创新应用的关键要素。可能的应用范围从例如用于天气监测的全球传感器网络到例如用于动态跟踪多个移动对象的局部传感器网络，检测动物种群的状态和运动。如果传感器网络对环境影响不大，并且能够在有问题或难以访问的区域进行数据采集，则传感器网络特别有用。这个研究单位的全球目标是获得基础知识的设计，建设和自适应，异构，智能传感器网络，包括静态和移动的传感器节点的操作。由生物学家，计算机科学家和电气工程师组成的跨学科研究小组旨在开发和展示数据收集，数据管理和数据分析的尖端方法和程序。新开发的技术和程序将作为范例用于分析蝙蝠的行为，蝙蝠是欧洲联盟植物群-动物群-栖息地指令确定的一个物种，是一个特别宝贵的物种。在该研究项目的背景下，蝙蝠将配备超轻型无线电发射机，这些发射机具有有限的内存和数据处理资源。一个基于地面的静态传感器网络将用于监测大量配备传感器节点的蝙蝠。对于蝙蝠的行为研究，只有一个相对粗略的估计飞行轨迹的精度为几米是足够的。与许多其他应用一样，亚米级精度和实时定位系统的成本和能耗并不值得。只有在极少数情况下，为了更密切地研究社会或狩猎行为，需要更高的精度。因此，传感器网络的主要设计目标包括网络的空间可扩展性和应用于蝙蝠的移动的传感器节点的最小重量（小于2克）、最小功耗、最小体积和蝙蝠友好的形状因子。

Efficient networking of energy efficient, miniaturised sensor nodes is a key element for a multitude of different innovative applications. Possible applications range from global sensor networks, for example for weather monitoring, to local sensor networks, such as for dynamically tracking a plurality of moving objects, e.g., the detection of the status and the movement of an animal population. Sensor networks are especially useful if they do not affect the environment much and enable the data acquisition in problematic or hard-to-access areas. The global objective of this Research Unit is to gain fundamental knowledge in the design, construction and operation of adaptive, heterogeneous, intelligent sensor networks incorporating both static and mobile sensor nodes. The interdisciplinary group of researchers formed by biologists, computer scientists and electrical engineers aims to develop and demonstrate cutting-edge methods and procedures for data collection, data management and data analysis. The newly developed techniques and procedures will be exemplarily used to analyse the behaviour of bats, a species identified by the flora-fauna-habitat directive of the European Union as a particularly valuable species. In the context of the research project, bats will be equipped with miniaturised, ultra-light-weight radio transmitters, which have limited memory and processing resources for data handling. A network of ground-based, static sensors will be used for monitoring a multitude of sensor node-equipped bats. For behavioural studies of bats only a relatively coarse estimation of the flown trajectories with an accuracy of a few meters is sufficient. As is the case with many other applications, the costs and energy consumption of sub-meter accurate and real-time localisation systems do not pay off. Only in rare cases a site or time dependent higher accuracy is necessary in order to study the social or the hunting behaviour more closely. Thus the primary design goals of the sensor network include the spatial scalability of the network and minimum weight (less than 2 grams), minimal power consumption, minimal volume and a bat-friendly form factor of the mobile sensor nodes applied to the bats.