Eyewitness Guessing and Accuracy: Subjective Experience and Objective Determinants

这一系列的六项研究将从客观和主观的角度来检验目击者的猜测。我们试图了解不同形式的猜测是否以及在多大程度上受到先前目击者研究中探索的实质性和程序性操纵的（差异）影响，以及RKG判断本身以及与其他主观和客观测量相结合的程度，可以预测准确性并解释实质性和程序性操纵的影响。研究1是一个小规模的荟萃分析，它将把Penrod（2003）的分析策略应用到研究中，这些研究提供了在目标存在和目标不存在的队列中命中、未命中和误报的完整信息，以及指定目标相似的误报率。研究2将检验那些倾向于猜测的个体的判断，并探索“丢失”准确识别的本质，这些识别似乎伴随着顺序排列的使用。研究3将检验不同形式的目标暴露对记忆/知道/猜测（RKG）判断的影响。研究4侧重于偏见对猜测率的影响，RKG反应区分准确判断和不准确判断的能力，以及使用RKG对偏见操纵的敏感性。研究5将使用RKG范式探讨错误信息效应。研究6将使用RKG范式探讨无意识迁移效应。

This series of six studies will examine eyewitness guessing from an objective and a subjective perspective. We seek to understand whether and to what extent different forms of guessing are (differentially) influenced by substantive and procedural manipulations explored in prior eyewitness research and the extent to which RKG judgments by themselves and in combination with other subjective and objective measures, can predict accuracy and account for the effects of substantive and procedural manipulations. Study 1 is a small-scale meta-analysis that will apply the Penrod (2003) analytic strategy to studies which provide complete information on hits, misses and false alarms in target-present and target-absent lineups together with the rates of false alarms on a designated target look-alike. Study 2 will examine the judgments of individuals who are inclined to make guesses and explore the nature of the "lost" accurate identifications that appear to accompany the use of sequential lineups. Study 3 will examine the effects of varying forms of target exposure on the use of Remember/Know/Guess (RKG) judgments. Study 4 focuses on the effects of bias on guessing rates, the ability of the RKG responses to differentiate accurate from inaccurate judgments and the sensitivity of use of RKG to bias manipulations. Study 5 will explore misinformation effects using the RKG paradigm. Study 6 will explore unconscious transference effects using the RKG paradigm.