Genetic Diversity in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica

美国西南部和中美洲之间的紧密联系可以追溯到数千年前，包括共同的语言和文化。 这种共同文化的一部分包括起源于墨西哥中部并传播到美国西南部的玉米种植。 本研究调查了农业对人类遗传多样性模式的影响。 墨西哥中部是人类历史上农业创新起源和传播的最后地区之一，因此是研究农业对人类遗传结构和多样性影响的理想场所。 这项研究还将用于深入了解人类历史上遗传和文化变化之间关系的长期问题。 这项研究的重点是检查线粒体DNA，Y染色体DNA和常染色体DNA，以调查美国西南部和中美洲的土著人群之间的遗传关系。 这项研究的重点将是男性和女性的遗传历史之间的差异，以及这些遗传历史如何与美国西南部和中美洲的语言和文化多样性。 此外，还将通过建立一个数据库，其中将包括大量美洲土著群体的遗传数据，研究北美境内的人口历史和迁移情况。这些数据将存放在基因库和其他公众可用的基因数据库中，并将为其他基因研究人员提供资源。这项多学科研究将建立人类遗传学家，人类学家和来自美国和墨西哥的历史学家之间的合作。 这项研究的重点是美国和墨西哥的研究人员的直接利益，并将促进这两个国家的研究人员之间的未来合作。 学生将接受分子生物学技术和群体遗传学方面的培训。 积极参与将寻求从墨西哥和/或美洲原住民背景的学生和个人谁在历史上缺乏人类学，历史和遗传学领域的机会将被鼓励参与。

Strong connections between the American Southwest and Mesoamerica extend back thousands of years and include a common language and culture. Part of this common culture includes the farming of maize that originated in Central Mexico and spread to the American Southwest. This study investigates the impact of agriculture on the patterning of genetic diversity in human populations. Central Mexico is one of the last regions in human history where the innovation in agriculture originated and spread and is therefore an ideal place to study the impact of agriculture on human genetic structure and diversity. This research will also be used to gain insight into longstanding questions about the relationship between genetic and cultural change in human history. This research focuses on examining mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome DNA, and autosomal DNA to investigate the genetic relationship between native populations in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica. A focus of this study will be on the differences between male and female genetic histories and how these genetic histories relate to linguistic and cultural diversity in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica. In addition, population history and migrations within North America will be studied through the creation of a database that will include genetic data from a large number of Native American groups. These data will be deposited in GenBank and other genetic databases available to the public and will provide a resource for other genetic researchers. This multi-disciplinary study will establish collaboration betweens human geneticists, anthropologists, and historians from the United States and Mexico. The focus of this research is of direct interest to researchers in both the U.S. and Mexico and will foster future collaboration between researchers in these two countries. Students will be trained in molecular biological techniques and population genetics. Active participation will be sought from students of a Mexican and/or Native American backgrounds and individuals who historically lack opportunities in the fields of anthropology, history, and genetics will be encouraged to participate.