Migration and Marginalization: Social Networks, Inequality, and Health in Indonesia and Bangladesh

与人口老龄化相关的卫生保健负担在国际上正在加剧。在孟加拉国和印度尼西亚，卫生保健是在高迁移率和城市化的背景下进行的。尽管家庭收入中位数随着外迁移民的增加而增加，但也有证据表明，在这种情况下，移民创造的财富未能巧妙地转化为非移民家庭成员的健康。事实上，形成移民-健康关系的因果机制才刚刚开始分析。该项目的重点是了解孟加拉国和印度尼西亚农村原籍地有移民的家庭和没有移民的家庭之间的健康状况不平等。该项目以最近对社会网络的研究为基础，探索了特定家庭成员(即工作年龄的女儿、儿子、配偶)的移徙行为和汇款模式如何对农村健康产生不同的影响。此外，它还调查了健康差异是如何通过特定的社会网络不平等(即收入、性别构成)形成的。最后，这项研究分析了汇款和社会支助等特定的、有社会差别的移徙贡献导致非移徙人口健康状况发生变化的过程。这项研究将分析现有的定量数据，并为两国收集新的定性数据，以提供对移民网络不平等与留守人口健康差距之间联系的模式和动态的比较调查。该项目将为参与发展中国家人口和卫生领域的研究人员和政策制定者提供相关见解。非移民人口是一个特别脆弱的群体，他们经常面临比大多数移民人口更高的贫困率和疾病率。亲人网络仍然是孟加拉国和印度尼西亚大多数农村人可用的唯一安全网。该项目将使人们了解这些网络在提供卫生资源方面的运作和效力，并最终了解卫生状况。通过这样做，该项目将进一步了解向外移徙对农村非移徙人口健康的影响，并有助于确定发展和保健干预的新战略。

Health care burdens associated with population ageing are intensifying internationally. In Bangladesh and Indonesia, health care takes place in the context of high rates of migration and urbanization. Although household median income increases with the addition of out-migrants, there is also evidence that wealth created by migrants fails to translate neatly into the health of non-migrant household members in these contexts. Indeed, the causal mechanisms shaping migration-health relationships are only beginning to be analyzed. This project focuses on understanding inequalities in health status between households with migrants and those without migrants in rural origin sites in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Building on recent research on social networks, the project explores how rural health is differentially affected by the migration behavior and remittance patterns of particular household members (i.e., working-age daughters, sons, spouses). In addition, it investigates how health differences are forged through specific social network inequalities (i.e., in incomes, gender composition). Lastly, the research analyzes the processes through which specific, socially differentiated migrant contributions, such as remittances and social support, lead to changes in health status among the non-migrant population. The research will analyze existing quantitative data and collect new qualitative data for both countries to provide a comparative investigation into the patterns and dynamics linking migrant network inequalities to health disparities among those left behind.The project will contribute insights relevant to researchers and policy-makers involved in population and health fields in developing countries. Non-migrants constitute a particularly vulnerable population, routinely facing higher rates of poverty and disease than the majority of the migrant population. Kin networks remain the only safety net available for most rural people in both Bangladesh and Indonesia. The project will provide understanding of the operation and effectiveness of these networks in the provision of health resources and ultimately health status. In so doing, the project will further understanding of the ways in which out-migration affects the health of rural non-migrants, and it could help identify new strategies for development and health care intervention