Migration Under Crisis and Recovery: Social Safety Nets in Two Indonesian Regions

危机下的移民与恢复：印度尼西亚两个地区的社会安全网

• 批准号: 9911510
• 负责人: Rachel Silvey
• 金额: $ 13.36万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-15 至 2003-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9911510&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Migration; Under; Crisis; Recovery; Social

Rapid economic development in Indonesia and other developing nations has enticed many rural residents to migrate to cities, where industrial and service-sector jobs have been more numerous and remunerative. In the face of rapid economic downturns, however, many of these migrants are forced to return to the villages and households from which they came. Relatively little scholarly attention has been given to these return migrants and to the ways that they interact with their families and communities. The central goal of this research project is to examine the effects of changing migration patterns on household structures and both household-level and community-level "safety nets" during Indonesia's economic collapse in the late 1990s. Through a comparative case study in villages in western Java and southern Sulawesi, in-depth qualitative fieldwork and quantitative survey methods will be used to investigate which household members are more or less effectively supported by crisis-driven mobility and the associated changes in household composition. The research will aim to clarify how changing household composition as a result of increased rural-return migration is influencing the burdens and benefits of rural safety nets for particular groups of individuals in low-income households, including men, women, children, and the elderly. This research will contribute to understanding the dynamics of migration as well as the roles of both household- and community-level safety nets during economic crises like the one recently afflicting Indonesia. The project will provide in-depth empirical information regarding different forms of safety nets, and it will examine gender and age hierarchies within households. The theoretical contributions of the project will focus on conceptualizing the interplay among household structures, age and sex hierarchies, and village-scale crisis survival strategies, with an emphasis on labor and resource allocation between and within households. Through the two-village comparison, the project will also investigate the role of place in shaping these interactions. In practical terms, the project aims to contribute to understanding not only the coping strategies of households during the crisis, but also which survival mechanisms are most successful for recovery and for whom.

印度尼西亚和其他发展中国家经济的快速发展吸引了许多农村居民迁移到城市，在那里，工业和服务业的工作机会更多，报酬也更丰厚。然而，面对快速的经济衰退，这些移民中的许多人被迫返回他们原来的村庄和家庭。相对而言，很少有学者关注这些返乡移民以及他们与家庭和社区的互动方式。本研究项目的中心目标是研究在20世纪90年代末印度尼西亚经济崩溃期间，不断变化的移民模式对家庭结构以及家庭一级和社区一级“安全网”的影响。通过对爪哇西部和苏拉威西南部村庄的比较案例研究，将采用深入的定性实地调查和定量调查方法，调查哪些家庭成员或多或少受到危机驱动的流动性的有效支持，以及家庭组成的相关变化。这项研究的目的是澄清由于回乡移民增加而导致的家庭构成变化如何影响农村安全网对低收入家庭中特定个人群体（包括男子、妇女、儿童和老人）的负担和福利。这项研究将有助于理解移民的动态，以及家庭和社区层面的安全网在经济危机期间的作用，就像最近困扰印度尼西亚的经济危机一样。该项目将提供关于不同形式的安全网的深入经验资料，并将审查家庭内的性别和年龄等级。该项目的理论贡献将侧重于概念化家庭结构、年龄和性别等级以及村庄规模的危机生存战略之间的相互作用，重点是家庭之间和家庭内部的劳动力和资源分配。通过两个村庄的比较，该项目还将探讨地方在形成这些互动中的作用。实际上，该项目的目的不仅是帮助了解家庭在危机期间的应对策略，而且还有助于了解哪种生存机制对复苏最成功，对谁最成功。