Dissertation Research: Compressed Modernity?: American Expertise and South Korean State Science, 1945-1976

这个科学和技术论文改进补助金考虑在冷战期间的国际背景下物理科学的转变，使用韩国作为历史案例研究。 据报纸消息来源称，朝鲜战争（1950-1953年）结束后，美国在韩国（或韩国，大韩民国）的投资是美国在世界任何地方最大的援助项目。 此外，所提供的大部分援助都是在科学的名义下动员起来的，无论是以访问研究人员、仪器的形式，还是以引进新方法和新材料的形式，都构成了一个支持重建国家的庞大技术合作方案。 从发展模式开始，救济工作最初集中在促进农业/生物医学基础上，到20世纪60年代末，韩国国家机构开始在技术领域进行调查，将其成果转化为新的工业应用。在韩国的案例中，该项目询问是什么因素促成了在二十年内从农业/生物医学基础向新形式的工程和技术的快速转变。此外，考虑到这种前景的转变，到20世纪60年代末，新的优先领域，包括材料科学、电子学、化学工程和机械工程，在新的地点采取了什么形式？ 韩国的科学活动是如何被当地的参与者群体所改变的，而不是简单地由美国科学家转移到现场的？ 为了分析新实践的引入，该项目将追溯对国家快速技术发展至关重要的两个主要机构的历史渊源：首尔国立大学（1946- ）和KIST（1966- ）或韩国科学技术研究院。 前者是由美国占领当局于1946年在京条帝国大学（1928-1945）的设施中创建的，并模仿了赠地大学。 另一方面，韩国科学技术研究所部分由美援署资助，它是通过促进技术转让来促进当地科学基础设施发展的一种尝试。 这一努力之后不久于1971年成立了韩国科学高等研究所（KAIS），这是一所主要致力于物理科学培训的研究生院。该项目从最新技术的历史开始，特别关注新科学方法的引入和整合，作为在三个时间点改变韩国的全面努力的一部分：1）第二次世界大战后（1945-1948年），2）朝鲜战争后（1954-1962年），3）60年代初（1961-1976年），韩国总统朴槿惠上台后。 虽然表面上是一个转移的叙述，该项目最终将物理科学置于三个重要文献的背景下：1）关于科学和帝国的文献，2）以及科学教育，3）最近关于科学城的工作。(e.g.,日本的Tsukuba-si，或前苏联的新西伯利亚）。 专注于工业发展等眼前务实目标的国家往往不得不采取一种截然不同的做法，将科学活动与权力和国家利益问题进行对话。 国家科学基金会的资金将用于支持访问上述两个韩国机构的档案馆。

This Science and Technology Dissertation Improvement Grant considers the transformation of the physical sciences in an international context during the Cold War, using Korea as an historical case study. In the aftermath of the Korean War (1950-1953), according to newspaper sources, American investment in South Korea (or ROK, the Republic of Korea) represented the single largest United States aid project anywhere in the world. Moreover, much of the aid conveyed was mobilized under the rubric of science whether in the form of visiting researchers, instruments, or the introduction of new methods and materials constituting a vast program of technical cooperation undertaken in support of the rebuilding nation. Starting from a developmental model, relief efforts concentrated initially on promoting an agricultural / biomedical base, and by the late 1960.s, South Korean state institutions were beginning to pursue areas of inquiry in technical fields, transforming their results into new industrial applications. In the Korean case, the project asks what factors contributed to the rapid shift from an agricultural / biomedical base to new forms of engineering and technology within two decades. Moreover, given this transition in outlook, what forms did the new areas of priority, including materials science, electronics, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering by the late 1960's take in their new location? How was scientific activity in Korea transformed by groups of local actors, rather than simply conveyed or transferred to the site by American scientists? To analyze the introduction of new practices, the project will trace the historical origins of the two major institutions critical to the nation's rapid technological development: Seoul National University (1946- ) and KIST (1966- ), or Korea Institute of Science and Technology. The former was created by American occupation authorities in 1946 from the facilities of Keijo Imperial University (1928-1945), and was modeled on the land-grant university. KIST, on the other hand, was funded partly by USAID, and represented an attempt to promote the development of a local scientific infrastructure by facilitating technology transfer. This effort was followed soon thereafter by the creation of KAIS (Korea Advanced Institute of Science) in 1971, a graduate institution devoted primarily to training in the physical sciences. The project begins with the history of recent technology, focusing specifically on the introduction and integration of new scientific approaches as part of a comprehensive effort to transform South Korea at three points in time: 1) in the aftermath of World War II (1945-1948), 2) following the Korean War (1954-1962), 3) and in the early 1960.s (1961-1976), after ROK President Park had assumed power. Though ostensibly a narrative of transfer, the project ultimately places the physical sciences in the context of the three significant bodies of literature: 1) the literature on Science and Empire, 2) as well as science education, and 3) recent work on the science city. (e.g., Tsukuba-si in Japan, or Novosibirsk in the former Soviet Union). Nations which concentrate on immediate pragmatic goals such as industrial development often have to adopt a very different style of practice, placing scientific activity in dialogue with questions of power and national interest. NSF funding will support trips to archives in the two Korean institutions cited above.