Collaborative Project: Superimposed Tools for Active Arrangement and Elaboration of Educational Resources

这个奖项和第0435059号奖项是一个合作项目。教育和学术研究，就其本质而言，涉及扫描，审查，有时深入研究有关主题的资源。 无论是传统图书馆还是数字图书馆，都倾向于只提供完整文献和完整文献集的服务。 学生、教师和研究人员很少以统一的方式对待这些“完整”的资源。 教科书和出版的论文不一定全部使用。 各节不一定以同等的重点或按它们出现的顺序来涵盖。 参考资料不一定逐字使用。诸如由研究者构建的那些“叠加工具”允许用户容易地选择各种基本文档类型中的段落（例如，MS Word、PowerPoint、Excel、HTML、XML、PDF），将它们放置在便笺簿工具上，标记它们，并将它们排列成用户定义的分组并提供注释。 这些工具的主要功能是选择一个项目（其中包括一个参考），并使用原始的基本应用程序返回到原始来源，并查看突出显示的选定段落。 音符与源代码的分离允许以创新的方式自由重组和重用。 这些链接始终存在，以便用户可以根据需要返回到源上下文，但注释和其他标记是独立的实体，独立于源材料，并且可以以任何支持用户目标的方式进行组合。以教科书为基础的课程以及以研究为导向的纸质课程。 研究人员、他们的同事、一名高中教师和他们的学生正在使用这些工具。 该项目的主要目标是评估叠加信息的使用是否有助于更有效的教学和学习。 研究人员还在开发数字图书馆服务，允许叠加的人工制品与原始图书馆资源一起存放、索引、搜索和沿着使用。 本计画的主要贡献包括：（1）扩充数位图书馆设施的范围，以支援使用者的任务，而不只是简单地定位与撷取资源;（2）通过包括子文档以及完整文档，使得能够创建更精确地针对给定教育需求的数字图书馆收藏;（3）以数码图书馆资源支援检索后的工作（比较图，概念图）作为明确的，派生的文件，可以反过来是“增值”的资源，在数字图书馆;（4）捕捉阐述，加强对教育环境中的数字图书馆资源的理解;以及（5）支持其他教师、学生和研究人员对这些资源的容易定制。

This award and Award No. 0435059 constitute a collaborative project.Education and scholarly research, by their very nature, involve scanning, reviewing, and sometimes intensely studying resources about a subject. Libraries, both conventional and digital, tend to provide services only at the level of complete documents and collections of complete documents. Students, instructors, and researchers rarely treat these "complete" resources in a uniform manner. Textbooks and published papers are not necessarily used in their entirety. Sections are not necessarily covered with equal emphasis or in the order in which they appear. Resource materials are not necessarily used verbatim."Superimposed tools," such as those built by the investigators, allow a user to easily select passages in a variety of base document types (e.g., MS Word, PowerPoint, Excel, HTML, XML, PDF), place them on a scratchpad tool, label them, and arrange them into user-defined groupings and provide annotation. The key functionality in these tools is the ability to select an item (which includes a reference) and return to the original source using the original base application and see the selected passage highlighted. Separation of the notes from the source allows free recombination and reuse in innovative ways. The links are always there so that a user can return to the source context as needed, but the annotations and other marks are separate entities, independent of the source material, and can be combined in any way that supports the user's goals.This NSDL Targeted Research project is evaluating faculty and student use of superimposed tools in undergraduate and graduate computer science classes, including both traditional, textbook-based classes as well as research-oriented, paper-based classes. The tools are being used by the investigators, their colleagues, a high school teacher, and their students. The major goal of the project is to evaluate whether the use of superimposed information supports more effective teaching and learning. The investigators are also developing digital library services that allow superimposed artifacts to be deposited, indexed, searched, and used along with original library resources. Using and elaborating information at subdocument granularity should support reuse of educational materials by other instructors and students.Specific original contributions of this project include (1) extending the scope of digital library facilities to support user tasks beyond the point of simply locating and retrieving resources; (2) enabling the creation of digital library collections that are more precisely targeted at given educational needs by including subdocuments as well as complete documents; (3) supporting the capture of post-retrieval work with digital library resources (comparison charts, concept maps) as explicit, derived documents that can in turn be "value-added" resources in the digital library; (4) capturing elaborations that enhance the understanding of digital library resources in educational settings; and (5) supporting easy customization of such resources by other faculty, students, and researchers.