3rd International Workshop on Nanoscale Spectroscopy; College Park, MD

纳米技术的快速发展需要创建纳米尺度的光谱测量工具。大部分纳米技术是由量子限制效应驱动的，当纳米结构的长度尺度变得与材料中的波函数空间范围相当时，量子限制效应会改变体特性。 为了理解光学和电子性质的改变，需要光谱工具，可以在单个纳米结构的分辨率下进行测量，通常为1-10 nm。这远远低于使用可见光的探头的波长限制，因此许多传统探头必须修改以使用近场方法或完全重新发明。本次研讨会的目的是在该领域的研究人员之间交流想法，旨在开发与纳米技术新兴制造能力相匹配的工具。%在非常小的尺寸结构的材料制造导致有趣的新特性。通常，当颗粒尺寸变得如此之小以至于单个颗粒中仅存在几百或几千个原子时，材料的性质以有用的方式进行修改。在这种限制下，材料的性质是大块材料性质和单个原子性质的混合物。这提供了一个机会，修改材料的性能，而无需制造“新”材料;相反，修改发生简单地改变现有材料的粒度。一个重要的挑战是创造测量技术，可以研究材料的性质，起源于这些“纳米结构”材料的单一颗粒。这需要改变传统的测量工具，使得用于测量的光斑尺寸比当前实践中的光斑尺寸小至少一百倍。该研讨会的目的是在开发此类工具的研究界内部交流想法。

Rapid developments in nanotechnology require the creation of tools for spectroscopic measurements at the nanometer scale. Much of nanotechnology is driven by quantum confinement effects that modify bulk properties when the length scale of a nanostructure becomes comparable to wave function spatial extents in the material. To understand the modification of optical and electronic properties requires spectroscopic tools that can make measurements at the resolution of a single nano-structure, typically 1-10 nm. This is far below the wavelength limit of probes using visual light, so many conventional probes must be modified to use near-field approaches or re-invented altogether. The purpose of this workshop is to exchange ideas amongst researchers in the field, with the intention of developing tools that will match the fabrication capabilities now emerging in nano-technology.%%%Materials fabrication at very small size structures results in interesting new properties. Often, properties of a material are modified in useful ways when the particle sizes become so small that only a few hundred or a few thousand atoms are present in a single particle. In that limit, materials properties are an amalgam of those of the bulk material and those of single atom. This gives an opportunity to modify materials properties without fabrication of "new" materials; instead the modification takes place simply by changing the particle size of existing materials. One important challenge is to create measurement techniques that can study material properties that originate from only a single grain of these "nano-structured" materials. This requires changing conventional measurement tools so that the spot size for the measurement is at least one hundred times smaller than in current practice. The purpose of this workshop is to exchange ideas within the research community that is developing such tools.