The Effects of Immigrant Entrepeneurship on Ethnic Attachment and Ethnic Solidarity: Koreans, the Chinese, and Indians in New York

题目：移民创业对民族依恋和民族团结的影响：韩国人、中国人、印度人在纽约本研究旨在系统地考察移民创业对中国、印度和朝鲜移民在纽约的“民族依恋”（作为融入民族社区的文化、社会和心理整合）和“民族团结”（作为使用民族集体行动）的影响。决定研究主要方向的两个假设是：(1)移民创业加强了所有三个亚洲群体的种族依恋；(2)但主要由于经营模式的差异，加上人口多样性水平的差异，移民创业可能会增强韩国移民的民族团结，而可能会削弱中国和印度移民的民族团结。对纽约的300多名韩国人、300多名中国人和300多名印度人移民进行电话调查，对民族依附的效果进行调查。对纽约-新泽西地区的40多名中国人、40多名印度人、20多名韩国人的社会、企业、专业、劳动团体负责人进行录音采访，对民族团结的效果进行调查。本研究通过展示移民商业模式对两种不同种族现象的影响，将对社会学知识做出重大贡献。传统的社会学方法侧重于考察种族关系对移民创业的影响，而忽略了考察相反方向的影响。该项目的更广泛影响将包括提供有关三个亚洲移民群体商业模式的实际有用信息，并培训16名中国、印度和韩国的本科生和研究生，对他们自己的社区进行社会学研究。

Title: The Effects of Immigrant Entrepreneurship on Ethnic Attachment and Ethnic Solidarity: Koreans, the Chinese, Indians in New York This study intends to systematically examine the effects of immigrant entrepreneurship on both "ethnic attachment" (as the cultural, social and psychological integration into the ethnic community) and "ethnic solidarity" (as use of ethnic collective action) for Chinese, Indian and Korean immigrants in New York. The two hypotheses that determine the major direction of inquiry are that (1) immigrant entrepreneurship strengthens ethnic attachment for all three Asian groups; (2) but that, mainly because of the differences in business patterns, combined with the differential levels of population diversity, among the three groups, immigrant entrepreneurship is likely to enhance Korean immigrants' ethnic solidarity whereas it may rather weaken Chinese and Indian immigrants' ethnic solidarity. A telephone survey involving about 300 Korean, 300 Chinese, and 300 Indian immigrants in New York City will be used to examine the effects on ethnic attachment, whereas a review of The New York Times articles and tape-recorded personal interviews with about 40 Chinese, 40 Indian and 20 Korean community, business, professional, and labor organization leaders in the New York-New Jersey area will be used to examine the effects on ethnic solidarity. This study will make a significant contribution to sociological knowledge by showing the effects of immigrant business patterns on two separate ethnic phenomena. The traditional sociological approach has focused on examining the effects of ethnic ties on immigrant entrepreneurship, neglecting to examine the effects in the opposite direction. The broader impacts of this project will include providing practically useful information about business patterns among the three Asian immigrant groups and training 16 Chinese, Indian, and Korean undergraduate and graduate students for sociological research on their own communities.