Collaborative research on observing the morphological and optical characteristics of the summer Arctic ice cover during the 2005 Trans-Arctic Expedition.

提供资金，以获得夏季融化和初秋封冻期间整个北极盆地冰盖形态和光学特性的综合数据集。 该数据集将成为评估冰盖状况、评价海冰模型和解释遥感数据的宝贵资产。 该项目的具体科学目标包括：（一）从统计学上描述整个北极盆地夏季冰盖的形态和光学特性，包括冰的密集度、冰的厚度、融化池覆盖率、雪的深度、冰的物理特性和沉积物负荷，（二）确定太阳辐射在反射到大气层、冰内吸收、和传输到海洋的夏季和初秋冰条件，和（iii）存档和广泛传播这一数据集。 实地计划包括对个别浮冰的冰上测量和基于浮标的航空测量。 冰上观测将包括海冰形态和光学的调查和点测量。 形态学部分将包括测量融化池面积和冰厚、地形、池深和雪深的剖面。 光学观测将包括冰内辐照度的光谱反射率、透射率和垂直剖面。直升机摄影测量飞行确定冰，池塘和引线的相对面积将扩展表面测量到更大的尺度。部署2-3个预期寿命为三年的自主冰量平衡浮标将为该项目增加一个时间组成部分，有证据表明，近几十年来太阳辐射的分配发生了变化。 该项目的数据将有助于了解这种变化的性质以及它如何影响北极的气候动态。

Funds are provided to acquire a comprehensive dataset of ice cover morphological and optical properties across the Arctic Basin during summer melt and early fall freezeup. This dataset will be a valuable asset for assessing the state of the ice cover, evaluating sea ice models, and interpreting remote sensing data. The specific science objectives of the project include (i) statistically characterizing the morphological and optical properties of the summer ice cover across the Arctic basin, including ice concentration, ice thickness, melt pond coverage, snow depth, ice physical properties, and sediment load, (ii) determining the partitioning of solar radiation between reflection to the atmosphere, absorption within the ice, and transmission to the ocean for summer and early autumn ice conditions, and (iii) archiving and widely disseminating this dataset. The field plan includes on-ice measurements on individual floes and helicopter-based aerial surveys. The on-ice observations will consist of surveys and point measurements of sea ice morphology and optics. The morphology component will include measurements of melt pond area and profiles of ice thickness, topography, and pond and snow depth. The optical observations will consist of spectral albedos, transmittances, and vertical profiles of in-ice irradiance. Helicopter photographic survey flights determining the relative areas of ice, ponds, and leads will extend the surface-based measurements to larger scales. Deployment of 2-3 autonomous ice mass balance buoys, with a three-year life expectancy, will add a temporal component to the project.There is evidence that the partitioning of solar radiation has changed in recent decades. The data from this project will assist in understanding the nature of this change and how it affects the climate dynamics of the Arctic.