SGER: Improving Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Snow/Ice Radiative and Heating Processes and Asssessing the Importance of the Soot Albedo Effect

本研究的目的是改善社区气候系统模式（CCSM）中积雪反照率和加热的表征，并了解通过烟灰和其他颗粒的植入扰动冰雪反照率对气候的影响。具体目标如下：-提高CCSM中冰雪反射率和加热的准确性、真实感和灵活性，以减少模式偏差，扩大CCSM可以解决的科学问题范围。-将CCSM大气模式（CAM）气溶胶沉积与地表反照率联系起来，以检验冰冻圈中烟灰、矿物粉尘和火山气溶胶随时间变化的直接和间接辐射效应。-量化更真实的雪反照率对CCSM中高纬度冬季温度偏差、春季融化相位和冰反照率反馈的影响程度。更广泛的影响：预计这项研究将导致CCSM中雪冰气溶胶相互作用的改善，并将提高气候科学家定量评估雪冰反照率反馈机制的能力。这些改进有可能大大提高CCSM模式以及与气候和气候变化有关的科学的适用性。

The goal of this research is to improve representation of snow albedo and heating in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and to understand climate impacts of snow and ice albedo perturbation via implantation of soot and other particulates. Specific objectives are as follows:- Improve the accuracy, realism, and flexibility of snow and ice reflectance and heating in CCSM so as to reduce model biases and expand the range of scientific questions CCSM may address. - Link the CCSM Atmospheric Model (CAM) aerosol deposition to surface albedo to examine the time-dependent direct and indirect radiative effects of soot, mineral dust, and volcanic aerosols in the cryosphere. - Quantify the extent to which more realistic snow albedo influences CCSM mid- and high- latitude winter temperature biases, spring melt phasing, and ice-albedo feedback.Broader Impacts: It is anticipated that this research will result in improvements in CCSM snow-ice-aerosol interactions and will increase climate scientists' ability to quantitatively assess the snow-ice-albedo feedback mechanism. Such improvements have the potential to substantially enhance the applicability of the CCSM model and the science related to climate and climate change.