Snow Process Studies and Modeling to Improve Arctic Climate Prediction

降雪过程研究和建模以改善北极气候预测

• 批准号: 0714088
• 负责人: Charles Zender
• 金额: $ 51.85万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0714088&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Snow; Process; Studies; Modeling; Improve

Bright surfaces (snow, glaciers, sea-ice, and clouds) make the Arctic uniquely susceptible to the radiatively-induced effects of surface light absorbing carbon (LAC, sometimes referred to as black carbon) and dust, such as ice-albedo feedback amplification. Such feedbacks may make dirty snow more efficacious than greenhouse gases in driving atmospheric temperature change in the Arctic. Dirty snow feedbacks change throughout the aerosol lifecycle in the complex Arctic environment of snowfall, snowpack aging, snow-melt, drainage, and analogous sea-ice processes. The goal of this project is to assess light absorbing aerosol interactions in the coupled Arctic climate system using models which represent the complex surface lifecycles of Arctic snow, LAC, and dust, and which have been evaluated against satellite, in-situ, and laboratory measurements.Funds are provided to use International Polar Year (IPY) field and laboratory measurements to improve the representation of snowpack microphysical processes; to implement and/or refine these processes in arctic land, atmosphere, and sea-ice components of an Earth System Model (ESM); and to use the ESM to upscale and improve quantification of the efficacy of and response to arctic climate forcing in the 20th and 21st centuries.

明亮的表面（雪、冰川、海冰和云）使北极特别容易受到表面吸光碳（LAC，有时被称为黑碳）和尘埃的辐射诱导效应的影响，例如冰反照率反馈放大。这种反馈可能会使脏雪比温室气体更有效地推动北极地区的大气温度变化。在降雪、积雪老化、融雪、排水和类似海冰过程的复杂北极环境中，脏雪反馈在整个气溶胶生命周期中发生变化。该项目的目标是利用代表北极雪、LAC和尘埃的复杂地表生命周期的模式，评估耦合北极气候系统中吸收光的气溶胶相互作用，并对卫星、现场和实验室测量进行了评估。为利用国际极地年实地和实验室测量改善积雪微物理过程的表现提供了资金；在地球系统模式（ESM）的北极陆地、大气和海冰组分中实施和/或改进这些过程；并利用ESM提高和改进20世纪和21世纪北极气候强迫的有效性和响应的量化。