Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: The Political Economy of Late Postclassic Tututepec, a Mixtec Imperial Capital on the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico

在亚瑟A.乔伊斯，马克莱文将在Tututepec进行考古发掘，位于墨西哥瓦哈卡的太平洋沿岸。民族史资料表明，在西班牙征服前夕，在后古典时期后期（公元1100-1522年），图图特佩克是米斯特克帝国的首都，其领土横跨瓦哈卡沿海的大部分地区。尽管Tututepec的相对突出，很少有考古学研究已经在这个中心进行，限制了我们对Tututepec的社会政治和经济结构及其在后期后古典中美洲世界中的作用的理解。 Tututepec考古项目（TAP）将在Tututepec进行第一次发掘，重点是后期经典。TAP的首要目标是研究后期经典Tututepec的政治经济。发掘将集中在一个精英和一个平民住宅区，以测试两种政治经济模型，这些模型呈现了社会经济和政治部门之间的对比关系。政治模型认为，对声望商品的控制是精英权力的重要来源，而商业模型则否认精英垄断了奢侈品，而是认为精英权力是建立在对土地和劳动力的控制之上的。政治和商业模式将在Tututepec进行测试，通过比较分析与精英和平民家庭的生产，分配和消费活动相关的考古模式。通过对发掘中发现的文物进行风格和来源分析，TAP将能够评估精英和平民家庭在生产和消费模式上的差异。目前对晚后古典时期中美洲政治经济的理解主要是对墨西哥中部阿兹特克地区民族历史和考古数据的解释。TAP将提供关于一个重要帝国中心的政治经济学的经验数据，从而拓宽我们对后古典晚期政治和经济制度关联的可变性的理解。来自TAP的信息将为研究中美洲及其他地区前资本主义国家政治经济学的学者提供比较数据。虽然TAP挖掘仅限于两个家庭区域，但这项研究将提供一个基线数据，以指导未来的研究，从而完善我们对Tututepec政治经济的理解。此外，TAP将通过培训墨西哥学生掌握考古实地方法，并通过公开介绍和有导游的图尔斯发掘活动，与Tututepec公民分享TAP的成果，将研究和教育结合起来。最后，TAP将通过与圣佩德罗图图特佩克人民合作，通过他们祖先留下的物质遗迹，以新的方式探索他们历史的各个方面，做出重大贡献。

Under the supervision of Arthur A. Joyce, Marc Levine will carry out archaeological excavations at Tututepec, located on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. Ethnohistoric sources indicate that on the eve of Spanish Conquest, during the Late Postclassic Period (AD 1100-1522), Tututepec was the capital of Mixtec empire whose territory spanned most of coastal Oaxaca. Despite Tututepec's relative prominence, little archaeological research has been carried out at this center, limiting our understanding of socio-political and economic structures at Tututepec and its role in the Late Postclassic Mesoamerican world. The Tututepec Archaeological Project (TAP) will carry out the first excavations focusing on the Late Postclassic at Tututepec.The overarching goal of the TAP will be to examine the political economy of Late Postclassic Tututepec. The excavations will concentrate on one elite and one commoner residential area to test two models of political economy that present contrasting relationships between economic and political sectors of society. While the Political Model argues that the control of prestige goods was an important source of elite power, the Commercial Model denies that elites monopolized luxury goods and instead argues that elite power was based on the control of land and labor. The Political and Commercial Models will be tested at Tututepec through a comparative analysis of archaeological patterns associated with production, distribution and consumption activities in the elite and commoner households. Through stylistic and sourcing analyses of artifacts recovered in the excavations, the TAP will be able to evaluate differences in production and consumption patterns in the elite and commoner households.Current understandings of the political economy of Late Postclassic Mesoamerica are dominated by interpretations of ethnohistoric and archaeological data from the Central Mexican Aztec area. The TAP will provide empirical data on the political economy of an important imperial center and thus broaden our understanding of the variability in the association of political and economic institutions in the Late Postclassic Period. Information from the TAP will provide comparative data to scholars studying political economy in precapitalist states within Mesoamerica and beyond. Although the TAP excavations are limited to two household areas, this study will provide a baseline of data to guide future studies that will refine our understanding of the political economy of Tututepec. In addition, the TAP will integrate research and education by training Mexican students in archaeological field methods and by sharing the results of the TAP with the citizens of Tututepec through public presentations and guided tours of the excavations. Finally, the TAP will make a significant contribution by partnering with the people of San Pedro Tututepec to explore aspects of their history in a new way, through the material remains that their ancestors left behind.