Linking Ethnography to Place: GIS Training for Anthropological Research on Migration in a Zambian Frontier.

地理信息系统(GIS)是指软件、硬件、地理数据以及使用这些技术和数据的人员的集合。术语遥感(RS)是指从太空(使用卫星图像或航空照片)对地球表面进行遥感，最常见的目的是改善自然资源管理、土地利用和环境保护。地理信息系统和遥感是检查空间信息的技术，但方法并不脱离理论和学科的角度。赋予空间数据意义的智力过程仍然受到学科背景的影响。文化人类学方法论培训学者奖为职业生涯中期的学术人类学家提供支持，在加州州立大学多米格斯山庄地球科学地理信息系统实验室的资深同事的指导下，获得这些方法论方面的技能。培训将加强国际和平研究所关于中部非洲(赞比亚)环境变化的社会背景的跨学科研究，并为将真正的人类学观点与这些高度技术性的方法结合起来提供必要的背景。在培训期间，PI将使用直接从中部非洲赞比亚正在进行的社会科学研究中产生的两个数据集。收集来自两个时期的赞比亚中部目前实地的航空照片，将为审查代际关系和土地继承之间的联系以及由此产生的土地利用和土地覆盖变化提供基础。这一分析将谈到生计多样化和随着时间的推移而发生的经济变化。来自赞比亚实地的另一个数据集包括关于实地当地基础设施的空间数据--如水源、市场、卫生资源、学校和住宅单位--这些数据与营养和粮食安全的人种学背景有关。对这一数据集的地理信息系统/遥感分析将有助于了解当地人口获得这些资源的情况与其他福祉指标(包括生长和发展的人体测量指标)之间的关系。培训结束后，PI将继续使用她的地理信息系统/遥感技能，使用其他数据集，制定纳入这些方法的新研究议程，并将这些方法正式纳入人类学和社会科学研究生和本科生的培训(通过方法课程、实地学校和辅导学生)，以产生更广泛的影响。

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) refers to a collection of software, hardware, geographical data, and the people using those technologies and data. The term Remote Sensing (RS) means the sensing of the Earth's surface from space (using satellite images or aerial photos), most often for the purpose of improving natural resources management, land use and the protection of the environment. GIS and Remote Sensing are techniques for examining spatial information, but methods do not reside outside of theoretical and disciplinary perspectives. The intellectual process of giving meaning to spatial data remains shaped by disciplinary backgrounds. This Scholars Award in Methodological Training for Cultural Anthropology provides support for a mid career academic anthropologist to gain skills in these methodologies, under the guidance of senior colleagues in the Earth Sciences GIS Laboratories at California State University, Domiguez Hills. The training will enhance the PI's interdisciplinary research on the social context of environmental change in central Africa (Zambia) and provide the necessary background for incorporating a truly anthropological perspective with these highly technical methods. During the training period the PI will work with two datasets emerging directly from on going social science research in Zambia, Central Africa. A collection of aerial photos of the current field site in central Zambia, from two time periods will provide the basis for examining links between intergenerational relations and inheritance of land, and the resulting land use and land cover change. This analysis will speak to issues of livelihood diversification and economic change over time. Another data set from the Zambia field site includes spatial data on local infrastructure in the field site - such as water sources, markets, health resources, schools and residential units - as linked to the ethnographic context of nutrition and food security. GIS / Remote Sensing analysis of this data set will provide understanding on the relationship between local populations' access to these resources and other indicators of well being (including anthropometric measures of growth and development). Following training, the PI will continue to use her GIS / RS skills by working with other data sets, developing new research agendas that incorporate these methodologies, and for broader impacts by formally integrating these methodologies into training of graduate and undergraduate students in anthropology and the social sciences (through methods courses, a field school, and mentoring students).