Boundary Layer Structure and Evolution During Terrain-induced Rotor EXperiment (T-REX)

首席调查员(PI)将在地形诱导旋翼实验(T-REX)期间研究低层大气的最初几公里的演变。T-REX是一个多项研究人员，专注于研究山旋和其他背风波现象。在他的研究中，PI将使用最先进的高分辨率多普勒激光雷达和速度、温度、湍流、臭氧和气溶胶颗粒浓度的高分辨率剖面。PI还将部署系留提升系统(TLS)。这项工作的重点是小尺度湍流的演变，波-湍流相互作用，以及在旋翼事件期间边界层高度和动力学的变化。此外，新的激光雷达算法将进行修改，以提供湍流和风场信息的实时轮廓，以指导现场仪器的部署，特别是当出现高湍流条件并构成可能的危险时，飞机和系泊系统。多普勒激光雷达分析将侧重于通过校正激光雷达脉冲量空间平均的影响来提取可靠的小尺度湍流信息。这一发展将使激光雷达结果与TLS剖面提供的现场湍流测量结果更准确地进行比较。TLS技术的类似发展将使从地表到几公里高度的风、温度和湍流特性的同时、高分辨率轮廓成为可能。还将部署从TLS飞行的新开发的温度传感器链，以提供更准确的温度梯度，以测量边界层的热稳定性。现场测量的主要焦点将是稳定边界层(SBL)和定义残留层(RL)的白天对流过程的夜间残留物。白天的条件也将被考虑，这取决于现场计划的后勤限制以及对于转子演变的不同阶段的白天测量的重要性。这项研究的智力价值包括从前所未有的高分辨率现场数据和利用多普勒激光雷达对风场和湍流的三维测量中对边界层过程的更好理解。同时的测量还将首次验证运行中的多普勒激光雷达的准确湍流估计，以及对新模式得出的小尺度湍流估计的验证，这对下一代最佳数据同化和数值天气预报模式至关重要。更广泛的影响包括改进了模式参数化的方法，特别是正确地计算了边界层高度，改进了对航空安全的地形诱发湍流的预报，以及为复杂地形和稳定边界层的挑战性条件下的最优数据同化提供了新的输入。将展示实时风速和湍流分布的价值，以指导未来的实地行动。

The Principal Investigator (PI) will study the evolution of the first few km of the lower atmosphere during the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX). The T-REX is a multi-investigator focused on the study of mountain rotors and other lee wave phenomena. In his research, the PI will use state-of-the-art high-resolution Doppler lidar and high-resolution profiles of velocity, temperature, turbulence, ozone, and aerosol particle concentration. The PI also will deploy a Tethered Lifting System (TLS). The focus of this effort is the evolution of small-scale turbulence, wave-turbulence interactions, and variations of the boundary layer height and dynamics during the rotor events. In addition, new lidar algorithms will be modified to provide real-time profiles of turbulence and wind information to guide the deployment of field instruments, particularly aircraft and tethered systems, when conditions of high turbulence are present and pose a possible hazard. The Doppler lidar analyses will focus on extracting reliable small-scale turbulence information by correcting the effects of the spatial averaging by the lidar pulse volume. This development will permit more accurate comparisons between the lidar results and the in situ turbulence measurements provided by the TLS profiles. Comparable developments in the TLS technique will enable concurrent, high-resolution profiling of winds, temperatures, and turbulent properties from the surface to heights of a few km. A newly developed temperature sensor chain flown from the TLS will also be deployed to provide more accurate temperature gradients for measurements of thermal stability in the boundary layer. The primary focus of the in situ measurements will be the stable boundary layer (SBL) and the nighttime remnants of the daytime convective processes that define the residual layer (RL). Daytime conditions will also be considered depending on the logistical constraints of the field program and the importance of the daytime measurements for the various stages of the rotor evolution. The intellectual merit of the research includes an improved understanding of boundary layer processes from the unprecedented high-resolution in situ data and the three dimensional measurements of wind fields and turbulence with Doppler lidar. The simultaneous measurements will also provide the first validation of accurate turbulence estimates with an operational Doppler lidar as well as verification of new model derived estimates of small scale turbulence which are critical for next generation optimal data assimilation and numerical weather prediction models. The broader impacts include improved methods for model parameterization especially correct calculations of the boundary layer height, improved forecasts of terrain induced turbulence for aviation safety, and new input to optimal data assimilation for the challenging conditions of complex terrain and stable boundary layers. The value of real-time wind speed and turbulence profiles will be demonstrated to guide future field campaigns.