Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Transformation of American Think Tanks, 1960-2002

摘要本文采用混合方法的研究设计，评估了在知识和政治秩序变化的背景下，美国政策研究机构（“智库”）的历史传播和转型。近一个世纪以来，智库对国家、州和地方政治做出了贡献，但它们最近的历史却发生了一些重要的变化，无论是数量上的还是质量上的，组织上的还是战略上的。这些变化包括美国智库数量的急剧增加，从20世纪60年代的不到35个增加到今天的300多个，以及它们在性质、组成、策略和资金方面的显著变化。这项研究的中心目的是调查这些变化的原因和后果。是什么导致了美国智库的转型？智库在保守主义运动中发挥了什么作用？智库的成长和转变对知识分子参与美国政治的整体关系体系有何影响？本研究以在华盛顿特区、纽约市和威斯康辛州麦迪逊进行的研究为基础，以Pierre Bourdieu设计的实地分析方法为基础。它从档案记录、统计数据、几个智库的“分段”人种学观察以及对政策研究组织和相关机构代表的深入采访中汲取经验证据。这项研究将对社会学知识的两个领域- -政治社会学和知识与知识分子社会学- -作出贡献，方法是利用智库的历史作为评价和扩展美国知识分子政治作用理论的背景。这项研究还将扩大我们对美国保守运动历史的了解。拟议的研究结果将通过一系列学术期刊文章和由大学出版社出版的一本专著传播。

The Transformation of American Think Tanks, 1960 to 2002AbstractUsing a mixed-method research design, this dissertation evaluates the historical spread and transformation of American policy research organizations ("think tanks") in the context of changing intellectual and political orders. While think tanks have contributed to national, state, and local politics for nearly a century, their recent history is marked by a number of important changes, both quantitative and qualitative, organizational and strategic. These changes include a dramatic increase in the number of American think tanks, from fewer than 35 in the 1960s to over 300 today, as well as notable shifts in their character, composition, tactics, and funding. The study's central aim is to investigate the causes and consequences of these changes. What caused the transformation of American think tanks? What role have think tanks played in the conservative movement? How have the growth and transformation of the think tank sector affected the overall system of relations through which intellectuals participate in American politics? Based on research conducted in Washington, DC, New York City, and Madison, Wisconsin, the study takes as its anchor the field analysis method devised by Pierre Bourdieu. It draws empirical evidence from a mixture of archival records, statistical data, 'segmented' ethnographic observation at several think tanks, and in-depth interviews with representatives from policy research organizations and related institutions. The study will contribute to two areas of sociological knowledge - political sociology and the sociology of knowledge and intellectuals - by using the history of think tanks as a context for evaluating and extending theories of the political role of intellectuals in the United States. The study will also expand our knowledge about the history of the American conservative movement. The results of the proposed research will be disseminated through a series of scholarly journal articles and one monograph published by a university press.