Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Early Contact Period Interaction in the Western Spanish Borderlands - A Ceramic Technological Study

在Ann Ramenofsky博士的指导下，Jennifer Boyd女士将进行她的博士研究，解决普韦布洛印第安人群体在与欧洲接触时的破坏和创新，这反映在陶瓷技术变革中。接触时期是一个截然不同的世界相互碰撞的时期，刺激了不同人群、技术、物质产品、思想和疾病之间复杂的互动过程。印第安人和西班牙人的互动在美洲的不同地区采取了不同的形式，导致了当地独特的连续性和变化。这项研究将着眼于普韦布洛印第安人生活方式的变化，从16世纪的最初接触到1680年的普韦布洛起义，普韦布洛印第安人生活方式在西班牙西部边疆（现在的新墨西哥州）。新墨西哥州是研究印第安人和西班牙人相互作用的一个独特的地方，因为它位于最北端的边境地带，并且可能提供一个重要的对比点，在其他地区，西班牙人高度统治，同时大量屠杀美洲原住民。普韦布洛印第安人不仅仅是欧洲统治的受害者。他们是塑造互动的积极参与者。殖民地陶器的发展代表了对整个帝国对欧洲船只形式的需求的一种本土反应。科洛诺陶器是一种具有手工盘绕、低烧的美洲土著陶瓷传统和中世纪欧洲容器形式特征的陶瓷。这些陶器遍布西班牙帝国，标志着本土陶瓷作品中出现了新的容器形式。不幸的是，人们对这些陶瓷知之甚少，特别是哪些技术变化可能伴随着容器形式的变化。矿物学、化学和形式分析将用于确定普韦布洛印第安陶瓷，特别是殖民地陶瓷的技术变化的性质。本研究将区分两种类型的技术变革，从破坏和创新的角度进行解释。与陶工的运动技能或成功的生产顺序相关的高度保守属性的变化将被解释为反映了由于陶工群体结构的不连续性、文化传播的中断和/或土著人口的损失而造成的破坏。相反，与成功的生产顺序没有直接关系的属性变化，以及在成品容器上可见的变化，将被解释为反映了普韦布洛印第安人的创新。这项研究的学术价值在于，它将推进有关普韦布洛印第安人与西班牙人的相互作用和新墨西哥州早期殖民历史的知识。这将是对美国西南部殖民地的第一次综合技术研究，并将通过比较各种任务和非任务设置，为确定普韦布洛印第安人群体的破坏和创新提供强有力的手段。这项研究的更广泛的影响将是传播有关早期普韦布洛印第安人与西班牙人的互动以及西班牙西部边境地区陶瓷技术变革的信息。这个项目还将为作者提供重要的、额外的专业培训。这项研究的结果将通过发表论文和专业和公开演讲的方式与专业和公众观众分享，包括现代普韦布洛印第安人群体。研究结果还将用于加强总督宫博物馆和佩科斯国家纪念碑的博物馆展示和解释性小册子。

Under the supervision of Dr. Ann Ramenofsky, Ms. Jennifer Boyd will conduct her doctoral research addressing disruption and innovation in Pueblo Indian groups at European contact as reflected in ceramic technological change. The contact period was a time when vastly different worlds collided, stimulating a complex process of interaction among different groups of people, technologies, material goods, ideas, and diseases. Native American-Spanish interactions took different forms in various parts of the Americas resulting in locally distinct continuity and change. This study will look at changes in Pueblo Indian lifeways in the western Spanish Borderlands (now modern New Mexico) from initial contact in the 16th century through the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. New Mexico is a unique place to study Native American-Spanish interaction because of its remote location in the northernmost Borderlands and may provide an important counterpoint to other areas where there was a high degree of Spanish domination and simultaneous decimation of Native American groups. Pueblo Indians were not just victims of European dominance. They were active participants in shaping interactions. The development of colono wares represents one such indigenous response to an empire-wide need for European vessel forms. Colono wares are ceramics with attributes from hand-coiled, low-fired Native American ceramic traditions and medieval European vessel forms. These ceramics, found throughout the Spanish Empire, mark the appearance of new vessel forms in the indigenous ceramic repertoire. Unfortunately, little is known about these ceramics, especially what technological changes may have accompanied vessel form changes. Mineralogical, chemical, and formal analyses will be used to determine the nature of technological changes in Pueblo Indian ceramics, especially colono wares. This study will distinguish between two types of technological change to make interpretations in terms of disruption and innovation. Change in highly conservative attributes related to motor skills of potters or the successful production sequence will be interpreted as reflecting disruption due to discontinuity in potter group structure, breakdown in cultural transmission, and/or indigenous population loss. In contrast, change in attributes not directly related to the successful production sequence and visible on a finished vessel will be interpreted as reflecting Pueblo Indian innovation. The intellectual merit of this study is that it will advance knowledge regarding Pueblo Indian-Spanish interactions and the early colonial history of New Mexico. This will be the first comprehensive technological study of colono wares in the American Southwest and will provide a robust means of determining disruption and innovation in Pueblo Indian groups by comparing a variety of mission and non-mission settings. The broader impacts of this study will be the dissemination of information regarding early Pueblo Indian-Spanish interaction and ceramic technological change in the western Spanish Borderlands. This project will also provide the author with significant, additional professional training. The results of this study will be shared with professional and public audiences, including modern Pueblo Indian groups, through published papers and professional and public talks. The results will also be used to enhance museum displays and interpretive brochures at the Palace of the Governors Museum and Pecos National Monument.