Collaborative Research on Sunlight and the Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System

【摘要】鲜明的太阳辐射年循环是北极系统的一个显著特征。冬季日照不足和夏季日照时间过长控制了地表热收支的季节性循环，构成了陆地和海洋生态系统，推动了碳的季节性积累和封存，并在主要大气成分的循环中发挥了重要作用。北极系统内太阳辐射配置的一个最重要的方面是大气-海洋-冰-海洋系统（AIOS）对阳光的反射、吸收和透射。本研究的总体目标是增强我们对太阳辐射在北极AIOS中目前所起作用的理解，并提高我们预测未来作用的能力。这将通过综合和综合的方法来完成。数据将从广泛的来源收集，包括实验室研究、实地实验和卫星观测。误差分析和数据差距评估将是综合活动的中心组成部分。过程模型、冰海模型和再分析产品将用于填补数据集中的空白。这项综合工作的主要成果将是对太阳辐射与AIOS相互作用的20年泛北极描述。特别是，我们将确定250 - 2500nm范围内入射太阳能、反射太阳能以及被冰雪、海冰和上层海洋吸收的太阳能的光谱值。从1987年到2007年，将使用25 × 25公里等面积可伸缩地球网格每月计算一次泛北极值。通过白令海峡流入北极西部的（太阳）热量也将被详细研究，因为在北极的这一地区观测到冰的范围和厚度的最大变化。在北极AIOS中提出的太阳辐射综合将为北极系统的更大综合提供几个关键要素，包括：根据观测到的冰盖和冰质量平衡的变化，评估最近向北冰洋输入的太阳能的变化；利用冰反照率反馈评价极地放大效应关于可用于驱动冰下和海洋上层环境生物生产的太阳能分布的信息；并深入了解气候变化模型预测的太阳能分布的潜在变化和影响。

AbstractThe distinct annual cycle of solar radiation is a defining feature of the Arctic system. The lack of sunlight in winter and the long daylight hours in summer control the seasonal cycle of the surface heat budget, structure both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, drive the seasonal build-up and sequestration of carbon and play a major role in the cycling of major atmospheric constituents. One of the most important aspects of the disposition of solar radiation within the Arctic system is the reflection, absorption and transmission of sunlight by the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system (AIOS). The overall goals of this study are to enhance our understanding of the present role that solar radiation plays in the Arctic AIOS and to improve our ability to predict the future role. This will be accomplished through an integrative and synthetic approach. Data will be collected from a wide range of sources including laboratory studies, field experiments, and satellite observations. An error analysis and data gap assessment will be a central component of the synthesis activity. Process models, ice-ocean models, and reanalysis products will be used to fill the gaps in the dataset. The primary product of this synthesis effort will be a 20-year, pan-Arctic description of the interaction of solar radiation with the AIOS. In particular, we will determine spectral values from 250 to 2500 nm of the incident solar energy, the reflected solar energy, and the solar energy absorbed in the snow, sea ice, and upper ocean. Values will be computed on a monthly, pan-Arctic basis from 1987 to 2007 using the 25 x 25 km Equal Area Scalable Earth Grid. The influx of (solar) heat into the Western Arctic through Bering Strait will also be examined in detail, since the largest changes in ice extent and ice thickness have been observed in this sector of the Arctic. This proposed synthesis of solar radiation in the Arctic AIOS will contribute several key elements to the larger synthesis of the Arctic System including: an assessment of the recent changes in solar energy input to the Arctic Ocean in relation to the observed changes in ice cover and ice mass balance; an evaluation of polar amplification through the ice-albedo feedback; information on the distribution of solar energy available for driving the biological production in the under-ice and upper ocean environments; and insights into the potential changes in and impacts of solar energy distribution as predicted by climate change models.