Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Household Organization and Social Inequality at Bandurria, a Late Preceramic Village in Huaura, Peru

在詹姆斯·b·理查森三世的监督下，亚历杭德罗·j·朱将在秘鲁北部海岸的班杜里亚遗址进行考古研究。这个有着5800年历史的遗址是南美洲最早的寺庙中心之一，也是秘鲁文明出现的起点。人们对建造班杜里亚和其他前陶瓷晚期（公元前5800 - 3200 cal. B.P.）寺庙中心的人的社会组织知之甚少，因为对这一时期的大部分研究都集中在寺庙本身，而不是建造它们的人。研究将集中在该地点的两个不同的村庄模式。早期的村庄有圆形的房子，而后来的村庄显示长方形的房子，代表了人口社会组织的重大变化，因为村庄变得更大，寺庙建设开始了。这些圆形和矩形房屋内部和附近的挖掘将使楚能够解释经济战略的变化，社会不平等的开始以及政治和宗教领袖的崛起，这些都为秘鲁国家的崛起奠定了基础。这一研究对世界其他地区文化复杂性的兴起和文明起源的研究具有比较意义。在沿海的秘鲁，经济重点是海洋食品，而不是像近东那样的农业，但这两个地区都发展了国家和帝国。这些新兴复杂社会的家庭所代表的社会政治组织的异同，将使研究人员能够将他们的数据与班杜里亚（Bandurria）出土的秘鲁沿海前陶瓷晚期文化发展轨迹的数据进行比较和对比。这项研究是Alejandro Chu研究生培训的主要组成部分，因为他不仅要指导自己的实地项目，还要协调数据分析并撰写他的研究结果，以提交给他的博士委员会。这部分教育对他今后在人类学领域的长期成功至关重要。在实地考察期间，他还将与班杜里亚附近的当地社区进行互动，在学校和公众面前发表演讲，向他们介绍他们的考古遗产。

Under the supervision of James B. Richardson III, Alejandro J. Chu will conduct archaeological research at the site of Bandurria on the Peruvian north coast. This 5,800 year old site is one of the earliest temple centers in South America and is at the threshold of the emergence of Peruvian civilization. Little is known about social organization of the people that constructed Bandurria and other Late Preceramic (5,800-3,200 cal. B.P.) temple centers, for much of the research on this time period has been on the temples themselves, not on the people who built them. Research will focus upon two distinct village patterns at the site. The early village has circular houses, while the later village displays rectangular houses representing a significant change in the social organization of the population, as the village became larger and temple construction commenced. The excavation within and adjacent to these circular and rectangular houses will enable Chu to interpret changes in economic strategies, the beginnings of social inequality and the rise of political and religious leaders that formed the foundation for the rise of states in Peru.This research has comparative significance to studies of the rise of cultural complexity and the origins of civilization in other parts of the world. In coastal Peru the economic emphasis was upon marine foods, not agriculture as in the Near East, but both regions developed states and empires. The similarities and differences in social-political organization represented in households of these emergent complex societies will enable investigators to compare and contrast their data with that of the trajectory of cultural development in the Late Preceramic of coastal Peru as reflected in the excavations at Bandurria.This research is a major component of the graduate training of Alejandro Chu for not only he will be directing his own field project, but also coordinating the analysis of the data and writing up the results of his research to be presented to his doctoral committee. This part of his education is crucial for his long-term success in his future career in anthropology. While in the field he will also be interacting with the local community near Bandurria, presenting lectures at schools and to the general public to provide them with an appreciation of their archaeological heritage.