Intransitive Classification and Choice

这个项目的目标是为不及物模式分类和不及物选择模型开发一个框架。不及物性可以从各种形式的分类词中产生。这包括在用于多类分类器时使用校正项和二进制分类器（svm /内核机，二进制神经网络等）集合来增加对数似然比。不及物性也可能出现在个人和群体选择中（例如，选举，锦标赛式的比赛）。该项目正在开发方法来更好地解释这些分类器中的不及物性，并为社会选择中的偏好关系建模。这个项目正在调查的问题包括：(1)为什么/何时发生不及物性；(2)为什么/如何帮助分类；(3)如何在分类系统中引入不及物性；(4)不可及性本身是否应该是一个目标，或者更确切地说，是否应该将其视为不完美的人工制品和不确定性的标志；(5)检测不及物性的方法；(6)如何使用不及物性来减少错误；(7)如何对不及物性建模；(8)机器学习中的不及物性与社会学、心理学、投票理论、政治学、运筹学、数学、经济学和哲学之间的关系；(9)传递性解释是否能更好地解释自然有机体。除了建立新的跨领域科学联系之外，该项目还通过将其结果整合到新的研讨会、关于不及物决策的教程文章和新的免费软件中，产生了更广泛的影响。

The goal of this project is to develop a framework for intransitive pattern classification and models of intransitive choice. Intransitivity can arise from various forms of classifiers. This includes the augmenting of log-likelihood ratios with correction terms and collections of binary classifiers (SVMs/kernel machines, binary neural networks, etc.) when used for multi-class classifiers. Intransitivity can also arise in individual and group choice (e.g., elections, tournament-style competitions). The project is developing methods to better explain intransitivity in these classifiers and to model preference relationships in social choice. Questions being investigated by this project include: (1) why/when intransitivity occurs; (2) why/how it helps classification; (3) how to introduce intransitivity in classifier systems; (4) whether intransitivity should itself be a goal, or rather whether to treat it as an artifact of imperfection and an indication of incertitude; (5) methods to detect intransitivity; (6) how intransitivity can be used to reduce errors; (7) how to model intransitivity; (8) the relationship between intransitivity in machine learning and in sociology, psychology, voting theory, political science, operations research, mathematics, economics, and philosophy; and (9) if transitive explanations can better explain natural organisms. In addition to establishing new cross-field scientific connections, this project has a broader impact through integration of its results into new seminars, tutorial articles on intransitive decision making, and new freely-available software.